97? 




0 





™§ K C C A- 

CADDIE BOOK 

COMPLETE CADDIE SYSTEM 

WITH 

"CADDYCHISM */. 





THIRD EDITION 



1PHAT FIDE PRESIDENTS SA1] 

( Excerpts from letters received.) 

WARREN G. HARDING, President of the United 
States and Honorary Member of the Executive Com- 
mittee of the United States Golf Association: 

"I think you have done a really useful service for all 
golfers in getting up this little handbook ; and I hope 
that it will have all the success that its useful purpo^ 
deserves." 

HOWARD F. WHITNEY, President (1921) and S 
retary, for a number of years, of The United Sta" 
Golf Association: 

"I have gone over your K. C. G. A. Caddie Book w 
the greatest interest; and I personally believe it to 
the most thorough book of its kind ever issued. It 
exactly what is needed for the education of the playe 
as well as the caddies; and I cannot speak too highly 
it. The U. S. G. A. sent a circular letter to all its me 
ber clubs last spring relative to the cacldie problem; s 
our circular had, we think, a very good effect. But j es, 
have gone us several steps better, and have issued 
booklet which our Executive Committee believes to 
the best ever issued along these lines. Golfers of t. i 
country owe you a debt of gratitude for the splent 
work you have done in compiling this booklet; and 
hope all clubs in the country will procure copies as sc 
as possible." 

J. FREDERIC BYERS, President (1922) of t 
United States Golf Association: 

"Concerning The K. C. G. A. Caddie Book, I am pleas 
to state that it is the best work of its kind I have ev 
had the pleasure of seeing. It is an excellent means 
educating the boys; and is also a very good thing for t 
players. I also think that the way you have condens 
and simplified the rules and compiled them in alphabetic 
order in the booklet is a very good idea and well wortj 
of serious consideration." 

A. R. GATES, President of the Western Golf Asso- 
ciation : 

"I am in receipt of your Caddie Book; and I must say 
that it is the most interesting and instructive thing I 
have ever seen in connection with such work. You must 
have given very liberally of your time to put such a 
book before the golfing public. " 

NORMAN C. NAYLOR, President of the Chicago 
District Golf Association: 

"I have looked over the Caddie Book which you sent 
me. I think it is an excellent booklet, and one which 
should be in the hands of all caddies and golfers." 



— See Inside Back Cover Also— 



id 



The 

K. C. G. A. 
CADDIE BOOK 



A 

COMPLETE CADDIE SYSTEM 
WITH 

INFORMATION FOR GOLFERS 



"CADDYCHISNV 

RULES OF GOLF SIMPLIFIED 

400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 
HISTORICAL DATA 
FIRST AID HINTS 



THIRD EDITION 

Revised 

By 

PRICE WICKEPsSHAM, President 
FRANK LAUDEPs, Secretary-Treasurer 

Kansas City Golf Associa.ion 



Published by the authors at the 
request of the 
KANSAS CITY GOLF ASSOCIATION 
KANSAS CITY, MO. 



1922 



Copyright 1921 
Copyright 1922 

by 

PRICE WICKERSHAM 
FRANK LAUDER 



TO CLUBS: To insure the success of the caddie 
system herein outlined, copies of this book should be 
distributed among the players as well as to the caddies. 

TO CADDIE EXECUTIVES: There are thirteen 
words, of the sort in every day use, one within each ten 
pages of this book, that are intentionally misspelled. It is 
suggested that a contest be held among the caddies, 
prizes being awarded to those finding the greatest num- 
ber of such words. The contest will add interest and 
provide incentive for the study of the book. 



CORRECTION: The definition of "Bunker," appear- 
ing on pages 55 and 83, should read: "That part of a 
depression in the ground where the natural soil is ex- 
posed, and sometimes top dressed with softer soil or 
san d/'— U. S. G. A. Definition, 1922, R. and A. 



Single Copy, 25 cents 

(postage paid) 

Hundred or more, 20c each 

(plus carrying charges) 



For copies address 
FRANK LAUDER 
708 R. A Long Bldg. 
KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI 

MA l f 15 1922 

© C1A676139 

'WO I 



Foreword 



This book of instructions for caddies and information 
for players has been prepared upon the request of the 
Kansas City Golf Association, composed of all the golf 
clubs in Greater Kansas City. 

While there are many reasons that justify the exist- 
ence of this Association, none is perhaps more important 
than the improvement of caddie service and the mainten- 
ance of a clean, wholesome environment for the caddies. 

A gentlemen's golf club should be so maintained that 
the environment for its caddies is such that the mem- 
bers of the club would be willing to have their own sons 
caddie. Profanity upon the course in the presence of cad- 
dies, gambling and cigarette smoking by caddies, and all 
such bad influences are intolerable and indefensible. The 
Association, recognizing these elemental truths, has de- 
termined upon a program to elevate and improve general 
caddie conditions, and to that end has created a Commit- 
tee On Caddie Affairs, the functions of which are to im- 
prove the caddie service generally, to provide good, moral, 
wholesome surroundings for caddies, to provide play 
grounds and various forms of amusement, to educate the 
caddies as to their duties, to take measures to eliminate 
the well known and evil influences that do exist., to 
grade the caddies into B, A and Honor Classes, and to 
arrange tournaments, picnics and outings for those that 
are efficient and qualified, all to the end that caddyin^ 
may be a beneficial, invigorating, healthful, manly call- 
ing. In aid of this program, this little book of instruc- 
tions is issued, with the hope that it will inspire an in- 
terest and zeal in the caddies, and that it will inculcate 
in them a spirit of efficiency and service that will aid 
them in after life. The bright, intelligent and willing 
boy becomes an efficient caddie, meets with many busi- 
ness men who will quickly observe his character, deport- 
ment, efficiency and manliness, and he thereby will form 
many friendships that will aid him in securing good 
positions after he leaves school. 

The endorsement which has been given the First Edi- 
tion of this book — published in July, 1921 — by the of- 
ficials of various Golf Associations and representative 
golfers of America, has been such as to impel the authors 
to issue a revised and enlarged Second Edition, and this 
further revised Third Edition. 

Special acknowledgment is due Mr. Charles Herndon 
for contributing the glossary of golf terms included in 
the First Edition, upon which an enlarged, like chapter 
in this Third Edition is based; also to Mr. Edward C. 
Wright, who compiled the chapter on first aid and health 
hints for the First Edition. 

PRICE WICKERSHAM. 
FRANK LAUDER. 

May, 1922. 



Listen, Mr. Golfer! 



All golfers will agree that you can come to know a 
man better on the golf course than anywhere else — in 
the game it doesn't take one long to really understand 
whether you are a good fellow, or a "crab," a sportsman 
or a "cheap sport," in short, whether you are a gentle- 
man. 

Golf is a revealer of character; it is a window through 
which your fellows see you as you really are. 

If your conduct and sportsmanship on the course make { 
or lose you friends, if they influence the men with whom 
you play, what must be the influence you exert upon the 
boy who carries your bag! What impression do you make 
upon him ? What good or bad lessons does he learn from 
his association with you? 

Have you ever stopped to think of your obligation to 
the caddie — the growing, impressionable, eager-to-learn 
boy who is under your charge and influence for three 
hours or more in a day? 

What impress have you made upon his character ? What 
example have you set him by your conduct ? 

Does he go home after the game infused with high 
ideals because of his contact with you ? Have you so 
played the game, have you so lived up to the rules and 
taken the penalties and rubs of the game as a true sports- 
man should, and thus instilled in him a respect for the 
observance of rules and law? In your^ hands is an 
American citizen in the making! Treat him and teach 
him as you would have your own son treated and taught! 

IT'S CADDIE WELFARE or FAREWELL CADDIE. 



GOLF 



"Golf is more than a game: it is a science, 
the study of a lifetime, in which you may 
exhaust yourself but never your subject. It 
is a mental and physical contest calling for 
courage, skill, strategy and self control. It 
is a test of temper, a trial of honor, a revealer 
of character. It affords a chance to play 
the man and act the gentleman. It means 
going into the great out-of-doors, getting 
close to nature, fresh air, wholesome exer- 
cise, a sweeping away of the mental cobwebs 
and a genuine recreation of the tired tissues. 
It is a cure for care; an antidote for worry. 
It includes companionship with friends, social 
intercourse, opportunity for courtesy, kindli- 
ness and generosity to an opponent. It pro- 
motes not only physical health but moral 
force. " 

— David R. Forgan. 



To My Caddie 

By Bert Morehouse 



HEX all the world's abloom, boy, 
With the perfumed buds of Spring; 
When the laughter's in the brook, b 
And the songbirds sweetly sing; 
When the skies are blue above, boy, 
And the clouds with dreams are fraught; 
Then all the world's aglow, boy, 
With one great, urging thought — 
Of golf and you! 




CTHE SYSTEM 



CADDIE EXECUTIVE 

It is strongly recommended that the club management 
, select a member of the club who understands boys and 
boy psychology, and who is sympathetic towards the cad- 
dies and interested in their welfare, to have complete 
charge of the caddies and the administration of the plan 
outlined in this book for better caddie service, the success 
«of which the authors feel depends very largely upon the 
fulfillment of this recommendation. In some golf clubs, 
f the supervision of the caddies is placed with the Green 
Committee; in some, the work is entrusted to the Pro- 
fessional; in others, to the Caddie Master; but it is be- 
lieved that this work of caddie management and caddie 
welfare is so important that the entire matter should be 

* turned over to a Caddie Executive, who is thoroughly 
competent to carry out the program here laid down. 

A club member may be altogether competent as a Chair- 
man of a Green Committee, and may be exceedingly effi- 
cient in the performance of all his duties, but he may not 
be especially fitted to perform the duties of a Caddie 
Executive. 

In the past much of the work of training caddies has 
been left to the Caddie Master, but experience has taught 
that he has so many duties and his time is so occupied 
in his work about the caddie house in registering and 
assigning caddies, etc., that he cannot well undertake the 
welfare work that is contemplated, the management of 
caddie tournaments, the securing of prizes and awards 
for the caddies, and the examinations and tests herein re- 
quired. The Caddie Executive should have no other 
duties about the club than those pertaining strictly to 
caddie affairs. 

He should secure for the boys an adequate place to play 
provided with a modern play-ground outfit; he should pro- 
vide adequate drinking and toilet facilities for the caddies; 

* he should arrange a few small golf holes; and, if feasible, 
a putting clock. The best way to keep boys out of mis- 
chief is to give them something with which to play. The 
club that provides such things will quickly solve many 
caddie problems. The Executive should arrange and su- 
pervise caddie tournaments, properly classify the partici- 
pants, and provide real prizes for the winners. He 
should mingle with and know the boys and understand 
them; invite and consider their suggestions and com- 
plaints; he should interest the players in the caddies and 
get them to insist upon a strict observance of the rules 



THE SYSTEM 



here provided. Every promise made to the caddies should 
be literally fulfilled. The boy will not forget. Gain his 
confidence and keep it! 



CADDIE MASTER 

The choice of a person to serve as Caddie Master is a 
very important matter in a golf club. He should have a 
Teal knowledge of boys and a keen, sympathetic attitude 
toward them. He must be business-like. He must be 
thoroughly just in his dealings with all caddies. He must 
never "play favorites. " He should so conduct his business 
as to make the caddies feel that he will give each and 
£very one of them a square deal, and at all times so 
♦deport himself as to command their respect. The success 
of the program here laid down depends largely upon the 
Caddie Master. He should assign out caddies absolutely 
in accordance with the instructions herein outlined. 

The Caddie Master should be selected by the Caddie 
Executive and be subject to his supervision and instruc- 
tions alone. 

CADDIE MASTERS BOOKS, OR RECORD 

The club should provide for the Caddie Master a per- 
manent, self -indexing, loose leaf or card system Caddie 
Record, available to any successor and to the Caddie 
Executive. This record, with a card or sheet for each 
registered caddie, should reflect at least each caddie's 
name, age, school, residence, parents living, term of 
service and past record, with space for the current sea- 
son's record, covering daily attendance, hours of service 
paid for, efficiency while caddying, conduct on and off 
the course, etc. 

But a little time need be expended each day by the 
k Caddie Master, or an assistant, in leisure moments, in 
maintaining this record properly. Such a record is es- 
sential to dealing intelligently and fairly with the club's 
caddies, too many Caddie Masters being inclined to carry 
much information relative to the caddies of considerable 
value to the club in their minds only. And the fact that 
the club is maintaining such a permanent, written record 
of all caddies incidentally will create an impression in 
the minds of the boys themselves altogether desirable. 

BASIS OF PAYMENT AND TIME CLOCK SYSTEM 

It is strongly recomnended that clubs pay the various 
classes of caddies for services rendered by the hour, 
rather than by the round or per nine or eighteen holes 
carried. It is also urged that, to facilitate the working 
of this plan, the club utilize a time-clock and punch-card 
system which indicates upon a specially printed card the 

— 9— 




Correct way to carry a bag. 
(Either shoulder.) 



— 10— 



THE SYSTEM 



exact time when a caddie is assigned to a player, and 
likewise when the caddie is checked in after the round. 
The larger portion of the card, bearing the caddie's name 
or number, is generally given to the player at the time 
of assignment, and a stub bearing the player's name is 
then given to the caddie. The player's portion of the 
card also bears stamped upon it the time the caddie was 
assigned and a space is likewise provided upon which 
the player may and should indicate after the round the 
nature of the service rendered by the caddie, informa- 
tion upon which the Caddie Executive and Caddie Master 
are very largely dependent for a correct judgment or 
estimate of the caddie's efficiency and character. The 
use of such a clock-card system has also been found to 
be very fine insurance against unpleasant disputes be- 
tween player, caddie and Caddie Master as to the correct 
time of service for which the caddie should be remuner- 
ated. 

FIRST AID OUTFIT 

The club should also provide the Caddie Master with a 
first aid outfit so that if any of the caddies are injured 
or ill while about the grounds they may receive imme- 
diate and proper attention. 

LOCKER FOR CADDIES 

The Caddie Executive and Caddie Master should pro- 
vide a place in the Caddie House where caddies' lunches, 
coats, clubs, golf balls and other property can be safely 
kept. 

USED BALLS AND CLUBS 

The Caddie Executive and Caddie Master should pro- 
vide in the locker room a box into which surplus practice, 
balls can be put by the players to be given by the Caddie 
Master to the caddies. There is scarcely a player who 
has not in his bag or his locker a number of balls that 
he will never use; these he should give to the caddies, and 
this should be done through the Caddie Master. 

The club should encourage the caddies to learn the game, 
of golf, and in order for them to do so, it is necessary 
for the caddies to have clubs with which to play. Almost 
every player has in his locker a club which he has dis- 
carded, and which he will never use, and which he ought 
to tux*n over to the Caddie Master, rather than to the 
caddie direct, in order that all the caddies be treated fairly, 
and so that one caddie may not have a number of clubs, 
and another caddie none. The Caddie Master, should 
make a notation of such gifts in his permanent caddie 
record. 

—12— 



THE SYSTEM 



CLASSES OF CADDIES 

The United States Golf Association has recently recom- 
mended that caddies should be divided into three classes, 
A, B and C. We believe that it is better to divide them 
into Honor, A and B classes for the reason that the 
"cracker-jack" caddie is entitled to the designation 
"Honor Caddie"; it gives an added incentive to become 
^ thoroughly proficient. 

The Honor Class should comprise only a very few 
exceptionally efficient and worthy caddies, who have 
fully met the requirements set forth in the following 
outlined Caddie System; the B Class only the few be 

• ginners and less efficient or demoted caddies; while the 

* great majority should be included in the A Class. 

The establishment of these classes of caddies is urgently 
recommended. Give the boy something to work for, and 
adequately reward him for his effort, and the boy will 
make good, and the club will obtain real service. 

ASSIGNMENT OF CADDIES 

All caddies shall register with the Caddie Master im- 
mediately upon reporting for work. The Caddie Maste] 
shall then assign out the caddies to the players in the 
order of such registration, except that Honor Class Cad 
dies shall be assigned out first in the order of their regis- 
tration. (This is one of the rewards for being an Honor 
Class Caddie). Class A caddies should not be assignee 
out before B Class caddies for the reason that such pref- 
erence might unduly discourage B Class attendance. 

During the regular golfing season, the use or employ- 
ment of special or private caddies by players who refuse 
to accept or comply with the club's system of assigning 
caddies with strict regard for the order of registration 
1 by both player and caddie, should be most vigorously 
opposed. However, outside of the regular golfing sea 
son, when but little play is being indulged in, and very 
few caddies are available, some modification of this rule 
might be consistently promulgated by the club manage 
ment and Caddie Executive. 

QUALIFICATIONS OF B CLASS CADDIE 

1. He must be honest, polite, willing and clean. 

2. He must know the following clubs: 

Driver, Brassie, Cleek, Mid-Iron, Mashie, Jigger 
Mashie-Niblick, Niblick and Putter. 

3. He must know how to carry a bag. 

4. He must know how to locate the ball. 

5. He must know what to do and what not to do when 
a shot is being played. 



—13— 



Correct way to carry "double." 
Honor Class style. 



— 14— 



THE SYSTEM 



6. He must know how to take the flag, and what tu 
do and what not to do on and about the putting- 
green. 

PROMOTION 

A caddie shall belong to the B Class until the Caddie 
Master has promoted him to the A Class. 



QUALIFICATIONS OF AN A CLASS CADDIE 

1. He must have all the qualifications of a B Class 
Caddie. 

2. He must be able to answer correctly 75% of the 
questions in the "Caddychism." 

3. He must ha^e for at least one month a good record 
for the following: 

(a) Service on the course. 

(b) Conduct while on the grounds when not cad- 
dying. 

(c) Attendance. (Violation of school attendance 
laws not permitted.) 



DEMOTION 

An A Class caddie may be put back into the B Class 
by the Caddie Master for poor service, poor- attendance 
record or misconduct. 

SPECIAL PRIVILEGES OF AN A CLASS CADDIE 

1. Higher pay than B Class, as fixed by the manage- 
ment of the club. 

2. Right to play on course, as may be determined by 
management of the club. 

3. Right to play in Club Caddie Tournaments. 

4. Right to play in Club Qualifying Round for City 

or District Caddie Championship Tournament. 

5. Right to attend club and City or District outings 

and entertainments for caddies. 



QUALIFICATIONS OF AN HONOR CLASS CADDIE 

An A Class caddie who has had a good, clean record 
for efficiency, deportment and attendance for one year, 
and who is physically fit to caddie for 36 holes in one 
day, and who shall in an examination answer correctly 
90% of the questions in the "Caddychism," may, upon 
the recommendation of the Caddie Master, be promoted 
to the Honor Class by the Caddie Executive. 



—16— 



DEMOTION 



An Honor Class Caddie may be put back into the A or 
B Class by the Caddie Executive for poor service, poor 
record of attendance or misconduct. 

SPECIAL PRIVILEGES OF AN HONOR CLASS 
CADDIE 

1. All rights and privileges of A Class Caddies. 

2. Higher pay than A Class Caddies, as fixed by the 
management of the club. 

3. Employment as teachers of B Class Caddies at 
regular rate of pay for caddying, at club expense. 

4. Right to wear Honor Class Caddie Badge of Dis- 

trict or City Association or Club. 

5. Eight to be assigned out first after registration. 

6. Recommendation for business position, if desired. 

SPECIAL ANNUAL COMPETITION AND PRIZES 
FOR HONOR AND A CLASS CADDIES 

It is heartily recommended that it be arranged that 
all Honor Class and A Class caddies shall compete for 
and participate in a Special Cash Bonus Prize to be 
awarded by the club at the close of each golfing season 
to certain caddies who shall have the highest and best 
average daily record scores for the entire season, effi- 
ciency while caddying, conduct while not caddying and 
daily attendance at the club to count in such scoring. 

The total amount of the bonus or prize money, the 
number of prizes, the extent to which each winner in the 
contest shall participate in the total prize money, and 
the system of scoring to be followed should be deter- 
mined and announced by the Caddie Executive. 



—17— 



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—18— 



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ADU1CE ATID INSTRUCTORS 



HONESTY 

No matter how efficient a caddie may be, unless he is 
honest, no club wants him about the course — he is unfit 
to associate with decent boys. 

The boy who begins by taking golf balls that do not 
belong to him has started on a mighty poor road to travel 
through life. If you find golf balls, or other property, 
on the course, turn them over to the player you are with. 
They do not belong to you! 

When you are not caddying, should you find a ball 
marked with the name of a member of your club, you 
should at once turn over such ball to the Caddie Master, 
who will pay you the regular club fee for same. Should 
you, while not caddying, find a ball not so marked, the 
ball should not be sold to any player. Professionals, 
not caddies, are engaged by clubs to sell balls and other 
golf supplies; and they are entitled to all such business 
and profit. 

Sometimes a question arises as to how many strokes 
your player has taken on a certain hole, and you are 
asked to tell the number of strokes. Never under any 
circumstances try to favor your player by stating the 
score less than it actually is. And under no circumstances 
should you ever move a ball of your player so as to give 
it a better lie. Such things are absolutely dishonest, and 
will give you a bad reputation among the players and 
the other caddies. 

Be loyal to your player, however; take a genuine in- 
terest in his game. If you notice another caddie or a 
player clearly and intentionally violate a rule, notify your 
player immediately. 

POLITENESS 

Eemember that you are an employee of a gentlemen's 
golf club, and you should conduct yourself as a gentle- 
men. The course is no place for the "bully," the "rowdy," 
the "rough-neck," or "hard-boiled guy;" such a caddie 
will be discharged immediately. You have a chance by 
being polite and courteous to form friendships with busi- 
ness and professional men that may be very helpful to 
you in after life. You know perfectly well that a business 
man will not take a liking to you, unless you are efficient 
and courteous. 

KEEP OFF THE PLAYERS' BENCHES 

The players' benches at the tees are not provided for 
you — so keep off of them. Common politeness requires 
boys to stand when members who are paying them for 
their work desire to use the benches. 

—20— 



ADVICE AND INSTRUCTIONS 



HELP THE LITTLE FELLOW 

Whenever you notice a small caddie in a match in 
which you are engaged carrying a bag that is too heavy 
for him, and becoming tired out after a number of holes, 
the nice and courteous thing for you to do is to exchange 
bags with him far a while (always with the consent of 
both players) and thus give him a rest, but do not change 
or transfer your caddie cards. 

WILLINGNESS 

The spirit in which you do your work is really what 
counts. Don't go about your work with a grouch and a 
frown. "Be up on your toes" and show the right spirit. 
You are being paid well for your time. Light up your 
face with a smile, take an interest in your player's game, 
and you will find that "the old bag" isn't nearly so heavy 
on the second nine. 

Your feet will be as light as your heart. 

CLEANLINESS 

"Cleanliness is next to Godliness." A clean heart and 
a clean mind that dwell in an unclean body live in a 
mighty poor tenement, and sooner or later will grow like- 
wise. 

Poverty is no excuse for personal uncleanliness. Water 
is almost as cheap as air. All that is needed is "elbow- 
grease." 

Do you think a business man would want to give you 
a job, if you did not keep yourself clean and neat? You 
don't have to be a sissy — be a real American boy! 

ATTENDANCE 

In order for a caddie to be promoted from one class to 
another, it is necessary for him to have a good record 
for attendance at the course, but in determining whether 
the record is good, the Caddie Master and Caddie Execu- 
tive will not give you credit for attendance when you 
should be at school. Violations of the school attendance 
laws will not be permitted. 

CONDUCT OF CADDIES WHILE ON THE GROUNDS 

The club management is determined to get rid of the 
"bully" and the trouble-makers among the caddies. Only 
decent, respectable boys will be permitted about the 
grounds. Cigarette smoking, "crap-shooting" and gam- 
bling of all sorts, profanity, obscenity or other misconduct 
are absolutely prohibited. 



—21— 



ADVICE AND INSTRUCTIONS 




CHICK EVANS' ADVICE 

Chick Evans says: "When I was a caddie I tried to be 
a good one, and I made myself a few rules for guidance. 
I found there was a best and a nearly best way, and I 
tried to eliminate the NEARLY. I always watched my- 
self to see how long I could go without losing a ball; and 
on the advice of members of the Edgewater Golf Club 
I didn't smoke or drink when a caddie, and I have never 
done so since. Whether rightly or wrongly, I have al- 
ways attributed whatever success I have had to my ab- 
stinence when a boy." 



—22— 



1 




—23— 



ADVICE AND INSTRUCTIONS 



While not actually engaged in caddying on the course, 
caddies should remain subject to call at the place pre- 
scribed by the Caddie Executive or Caddie Master for 
caddies while unemployed. Loafing, playing golf, hunt- 
ing balls, etc., out on the course, without special per- 
mission, will not be allowed. 

DON'T BE A MERE BAG CARRIER 

Some caddies apparently think that caddying consists in 
merely carrying a bag of clubs.. Bag carrying is but a 
small part of the work of a caddie. Knowing the rules 
and etiquette of the game, where to stand when the 
player is addressing the ball, how to follow the ball and * i 
locate it, and to beat the player to the ball, knowing when 
and how to take the flag, how to stand at the flag and 
remove and replace it, knowing how and why to replace 
divots, and knowing how to be polite, courteous and alert, 
are all important duties of a caddie. 

Chick Evans, when he was a caddie, never was a mere * 
bag carrier; he was "on the job" from the first tee to 
the 18th green; he was a real caddie, and he became one 
of the greatest golfers that ever lived. 

HOW TO CARRY A BAG 

Place the bag strap over the shoulder, but not over 
the head, with the club heads forward, holding the bag 
so that a club may be easily put in or taken out of the 
bag. Adjust the strap so that the bag will not be carried 
too tightly against your body. If the bag is held too 
tightly, the player must pull on the clubs to get them out, 
and the scraping injuries the varnish and the grips. To 
keep the clubs from rattling place the hand over the club 
heads. 

HOW TO STAND A BAG AT A 
TEE BOX OR RACK 

Never stand a bag against a tee box or rack with the 
weight resting on the club heads or shafts. The strain 
causes the shafts to bend and warp, and a good club may 
be spoiled. Stand the bag almost upright, with the top 
of the bag itself against the box or rack. 

CARE OF BAG AND CLUBS 

Never throw or drop the bag of clubs down on the 
ground; place it on the ground. Never sit or lie on a bag. 



—24— 



Never stand close behind the ball when a shot is 
being played. 



—25— 



ADVICE AND INSTRUCTIONS 



NOTIFY YOUR PLAYER IF YOU 
ARE A BEGINNER 

If you are a new and inexperienced caddie, tell your 
player so at the first tee, and he will then help you to do 
your work properly. Do not wait until he finds it oat 
for himself and blames you for poor work. 

WASHING BALLS 

While you should always see to it that your player's 
ball (and an extra ball) are kept clean, never scour a 
new ball with sand, because it scratches the paint off and 
makes it look dull. 

Always have a clean ball for your player at each tee. 

WHERE TO STAND AT THE TEE 

When your player is about to drive, hand him his club, 
grip first, and then take your position up even with the 
ball at a point about 10 feet in front of the player, as he 
addresses the ball. If the tee is so constructed that you 
cannot conveniently take such a position, then stand up 
even with the ball and back of the player 10 feet. Do 
not stand back of a ball when the players are driving, 
unless the tee is so constructed that there is no other 
place to stand, and then stand at least 25 feet away. Un- 
der no circumstances should you stand nearer than 10 
feet to the player at any time when he is making a shot 
from a tee or out on the course. 



BE QUIET WHILE A SHOT IS BEING PLAYED 

In order for a player to properly concentrate his mind 
upon a shot, and his mind and muscles work properly to- 
gether, he must not be disturbed by any talking, whisper- 
ing, or rattling of clubs. Do not put a club into a bag, or 
take one out, while a player is addressing his ball. 

You are being paid to keep quiet while a shot is being 
played, just as much as you are to carry a bag. 

"Silence is golden." You will have plenty of time to 
talk as you walk along. 

STAND STILL WHILE A SHOT IS 
BEING PLAYED 

This does not mean to merely stop walking. It means 
to stand perfectly still while the shot is being played. 
Don't move about; don't shift from one foot to the other; 
and don't step forward until the ball is on its way. Your 
movement may spoil the player's shot. STAND STILL! 

—26— 



ADVICE AND INSTRUCTIONS 



HOW TO WATCH THE BALL AND LOCATE IT 

One of the best tests of the merit of a caddie is his 
ability to follow the flight of a ball and readily locate it. 
Some caddies are naturally "eagle-eyed," and seem to 
have a rather keen faculty for finding balls. The bright, 
intelligent caddie can develop this faculty to a high de- 
gree. When your player is about to play, take your posi- 
tion 10 feet from him; keep your eye on the ball; follow 
its flight carefully and watch where it drops; mark the 
line and place by some tree, bush, tall weed, bunch of 
grass, fence post or other object— say to yourself, for 
instance: "The ball is three club lengths to the left of a 
certain tree or two club lengths in the rough." Keep 
your eye on the spot, or mark, and then go directly to 
the ball after the players have driven. If the ball cannot 
be immediately found, place your bag at the spot where 
you have marked it with the bag lying parallel with the 
line of flight of the ball; then slowly walk around the bag 
in a circle; keep walking around it in an enlarging circle; 
if the ball is not readily found, then consider whether 
the shot was hooked or sliced, the lay of the ground, and 
which way the ball probably bounded, etc. Do not walk 
around aimlessly, but do your work thoughtfully and 
thoroughly; use your head as well as your feet. 

If your player's ball is apparently down the fairway, 
and farther than the opponent's ball, of course you should 
not go to your ball until the opponent has played, but 
when your player's ball is apparently off the fairway, 
into the rough, you should immediately go to the ball, 
unless it is in the line of an opponent's ball and he is 
ready to play. If the opponent is not ready to play, go 
immediately to your ball, locate it and mark it. If you 
locate your ball before the opponent's ball is found, then 
immediately help find the opponent's ball. If you help 
the other caddie find his ball, he will do the same for you. 
This will save time and keep your place on the course. 

If your player is driving directly toward the sun, and 
it is difficult for you to watch the flight of the ball, hold 
your hat or cap up between your eyes and the sun, and it 
will shield your eyes better than your hand, and you will 
thus be better able to watch the ball. 

WHAT TO DO WHEN THE BALL IS TO BE 
DRIVEN OVER A HILL 

If your player's next shot is over the crest of a hill, 
or where it will probably be out of sight when it stops, 



—28— 




—29 



ADVICE AND INSTRUCTIONS 

after giving your player the club he desires, you should 
quickly take a point of vantage where you can see where 
the ball will probably stop, and then don't wait to join 
the players coming up, but go immediately to your ball 
after the players have driven. 

NOTIFY YOUR PLAYER IF YOU DO 
NOT SEE A BALL WHEN PLAYED 

If you fail to see where the ball is played, immediately 
notify your player, so that he may mark its location. If 
you fail to so notify him, he will assume that you know 
where the ball is and probably not pay further attention 
to it, and then find fault with you if the ball is not readily 
found. 

BALL OUT OF BOUNDS 

If a ball is driven out of bounds, immediately notify 
your player, unless you know he is aware of the fact. 



BEAT YOUR PLAYER TO THE BALL 

Nothing is more annoying to a player than to have the 
caddie always lagging behind. When the player is ap- 
proaching his ball for his next shot, his mind is centered 
on his play; he is thinking about what club to use; he is 
estimating the distance, the wind, the lay of the ground, 
he is considering the lie of the ball, and with his mind 
so occupied it is exceedingly annoying to wait for the 
caddie to come up, or to be constantly required to call to 
the caddie to "hurry up." 

Always "BEAT YOUR PLAYER TO THE BALL," and 
be ready to hand him the club he wants; and then step 
quickly away from him to your station, and stand per- 
fectly still until the shot is made. 

ALLOW THE PLAYER TO SELECT 
HIS CLUBS 

Do not suggest or offer a club to your player unless 
he asks you for such service; offer the bag to him; he 
knows his own clubs and play better than you do. Of 
course, at the tee, where the player ordinarily uses a 
driver, or at the green, when you know that the player 
wants a putter, you should offer him these clubs. But 
for other shots, let the player make his own selection of 
clubs. 



—30— 




—31— 



ADVICE AND INSTRUCTIONS 



HOW TO HOLD, REMOVE AND 
REPLACE THE FLAG 

If your player's ball is first on the green, or if his ball 
is i.earest the hole when all the balls in the match are 
just off the green, you should take the flag. You should 
step quickly to the flag, but do not run on the green. 

When it is your duty to take the flag, after you have 
given your player his club, it would be well for you to 
turn over your clubs to another caddie, it being under- 
stood that you will look after his clubs when it shall be- 
come his duty to serve at the hole. If your player is 
using at the time a club other than his putter, take his 
putter with you to the hole. You can handle the flag 
better without a bag than with one; the weight of the 
clubs off your shoulder may prove a bit restful; and 
you should not leave your bag lying on the ground about 
the green where it might later be in the line of a putt. 

You should first lift the flag-stick partly out of its 
socket so that the stick can be quickly removed when 
necesary. You should not at any time step nearer than 
16 inches to the hole. 

You should hold the flag-stick at arms length, facing 
the player, and stand upon the side of the hole so that 
your shadow will not be cast upon the hole. When the 
putt is made, you should be ready to lift the stick im- 
mediately, so that the ball will not strike it. 

When requested by the player to remove the flag, 
lift it straight up; never drag it out of the hole. Do so 
quickly, stepping to the edge of the green out of the 
line of any flayer's putt, and lower the flag end to the 
ground, so that it will not flutter and thus distract the 
player while putting. 

Only one caddie should go upon the green; the others 
should stand still at the edge of the green until all the 
players have putted out. 

Keep your eyes open and your mind alert, so that when 
the next player begins to putt you will not be in his line 
of putt, either in front or behind — do not wait to be re- 
quested to move out of the line of putt. DO NOT GO TO 
THE NEXT TEE UNTIL THE LAST PLAYER HAS 
PUTTED OUT, because your player may want a different 
club, or you may disturb a player putting, or by going 
to the next tee you may disturb another player driving on 
the tee. 

In removing and replacing the stick in the hole, do it 
carefully, so as not to touch the edge of the hole and 
thus break it down, and also be careful not to step nearer 
than 16 inches to the hole when doing so. 

While on the green never step in the line of a player's 



—32— 




A 



ADVICE AND INSTRUCTIONS 



putt to the hole; your heel print may make a depression 
that will cause him to miss his putt. Never drop your 
bag on the putting-green. Never stick the flag pin in 
the green. While handling the flag-stick be careful not 
to allow the ball to strike you or the bag or the flag-stick, 
as it may cause your player or his partner to suffer a 
penalty. (See Rules.) 

REPLACE DIVOTS 

Whenever a player cuts up a piece of sod, however 
small, in making a shot, immediately replace it. When 
you replace it, press it down with your foot so that the 
grass will have a chance to grow again, and whenever 
you see a divot upon the course, no matter by whom it is 
made, replace it somewhere. 

If you see pieces of paper or debris on the course, pick 
them up and take them to the caddie house when you 
finish the round. Help keep the course in good shape. 

If you notice that a mole, for instance, has burrowed 
under the sod of a fairway, and caused it to bulge up, 
immediately tramp the sod down so that the grass may 
take root again and not die, and so the course will not 
be unsightly and bad lies made for the balls. Notify 
the Caddie Master at the end of the round so that the 
mole may possibly be caught. 

KNOW THE COURSE 

Familiarize yourself with the course. Know where the 
hazards are. Know every nook and corner of the course. 
You may sometime be caddying for a stranger on the 
course. So, be able to advise him, when requested, as 
to the hazards on each hole and the character of the 
ground, etc. You should know the par, bogey and yard- 
age of each hole. 

CONSERVE YOUR STRENGTH 

If you are hunting for a ball off the fairway, and it 
is not quickly found, place your bag out of the way on 
the ground, and get a little rest from carrying. When 
you are about a putting-green, and it is not your turn 
to take the flag, you may stand the bag upon the ground 
out of the line of a putt. When you come to the tee, 
place your bag properly against the tee-box or rack and 
thus be relieved from carrying the bag all the time. You 
will enjoy the game more, and not be nearly so tired 
at the end of the round. However, never leave your bag 
on the fairway while looking for a lost ball. It may 
stop the ball of a player who has the right to go through. 



—36— 



Never stand with your shadow on the 
hole or line of putt. 



—37— 



ADVICE AND INSTRUCTIONS 



CARRYING AND SWINGING CLUBS 

When you are hunting for a lost ball do not carry a 
club in your hand swinging it around. Keep all clubs in 
the bag. Do not carry a club of your own in your play- 
er's bag. You should not carry a club of your own 
while caddying, for if you do, you will be tempted to 
swing and play with it. The Caddie Master will provide 
a place where it can be safely kept for you while you 
are on the course. 

KEEP OUT OF ALL SAND TRAPS 

Unless for the purpose of smoothing out a foot-print, 
or under specific instructions of your player, never, 
never step into a sand trap. A caddie can have no other 
business in a sand trap. Hand the player his club before 
he goes into the trap. If the ball is upon the far side 
of the trap, the player and the caddie should walk around 
the trap to the point nearest the ball; the player should 
then choose his club and the caddie stand aside. After the 
shot is made, the player should smooth out his foot- 
prints as he leaves the trap; if he does not do so, the 
caddie should do so. 

CONDUCT OF CADDIES WHILE PLAYING 
ON THE COURSE 

The club management will, from time to time, permit 
Honor Class and A Class caddies to play upon the course. 
This privilege will be extended to you as a reward for 
your efficient and manly service to the club, but you must 
understand that your right to play on the course will 
be taken away if it is abused. You must be very careful 
to see to it that the fairways and greens are in no man- 
ner injured, and that you conduct yourself while on the 
course as a young gentleman. 

TIPPING 

Tipping of caddies is absolutely forbidden. The reason 
for this is perfectly plain. As an employee of the club, 
you are, of course, expected to give to every member 
your very best services, equal and alike to all. If one 
player tips you, and another does not, you are tempted 
to give the man who tips better service. The club posi- 
tively forbids its members to tip you. Any club member 
that offers to tip you is doing so from a purely selfish 
motive. He is trying to get something that he is not 
entitled to, and he is doing something that he knows the 
Board of Governors does not permit, and for which he 
may be expelled from the club. 

When a member offers you a tip he is not only guilty 
of violating a positive club rule, but he is helping to 
destroy your self-respect as an American boy. You are 

—38— 



ADVICE AND INSTRUCTIONS 



a legitimate seller of labor, and no player has any right 
to give you a tip and make you an object of his charity. 
It is a bad thing for a boy to begin his business life, 
and caddying is a business, by accepting tips from any- 
body. 

Club members should understand that the tipping sys- 
tem is a relic of old Europe and is essentially un-Ameri- 
can. Nor is there any sound economic or social ground 
for the custom of tipping. The player who insists upon 
tipping a caddie and thereby makes of the boy a menial, 
would feel outraged if his own son was tipped by a fel- 
low club member. 

The United States Golf Association in a recent letter 
co all member clubs advocates a system dividing caddies 
into three classes with different rates of pay, and in 
pointing out how the success of the system depends upon 
the prevention of tipping, says: 

"Attention of the members is called to the fact that 
the success of this system demands that there shall 
be no tipping or overpayment for caddie service. Any 
member doing this will be breaking faith not only 
with the other members of his own club, but also 
with the other clubs that have adopted this uniform 
schedule of payments. Such action would be the 
means of disrupting the system that is organized for 
better service in all the clubs and fair play to the 
caddies. 

The Golf Committees of the clubs have agreed that 
tipping or over-payment of caddies by members will 
be regarded as conduct detrimental to the best in- 
terests of the club, and will accordingly be strictly 
prohibited." 

A TRUE STORY WITH A MORAL 
Not long ago, upon a certain course in Kansas City, a 
nice clean-cut little fellow was caddying in a foursome 
for a player who was "off his game," and after a number 
of holes had been lost, the player began to curse and 
swear and use vile and profane language in the presence 
of the caddie, and not only abused the caddie for what 
were really his own misplays, but he told obscene and 
smutty stories in his presence. He kept this up for some 
time, until the caddie stepped up to him and handed him 
his bag and said to the player: "Excuse me, sir, but I 
will have to quit and go to the caddie house," and the 
player angrily asked him why; and the boy said, "Well, 
I am not used to such language, and my mother doesn't 
want me to caddie for a man who uses it," and so he 
went to the club house and explained to the Caddie Mas- 
ter why he had returned. The Caddie Master told him 
he had done exactly right, and that he was not called 
upon to continue to caddie for a man who was guilty of 

—39— 




—40— 




—41— 



ADVICE AND INSTRUCTIONS 



such misconduct. When the Caddie left, the player was 
terribly humiliated in the presence of his fellow-players 
and the other boys. Some days later the man asked the 
Caddie Master to call the caddie, as he wanted to talk 
to him, and when the boy came, the man said to him: 
"My boy, I asked for you today so that I might apologize 
to you for what occurred the other day. You were ab- 
solutely right in going back to the caddie house, and 1 
want to tell you how sorry I am. You have taught me 
a lesson." 

This caddie did exactly what the club management 
wants a caddie to do under such circumstances. If a 
player repeatedly tells obscene and dirty stories in your 
presence, or repeatedly uses profane language before you, 
or really abuses you, you are requested to politely turn 
over the bag to the player, and report to the Caddie 
Master. While you are expected when you are assigned 
out to a player to go the full 18 holes, this club does 
not ask you to do so if the player is guilty of such con- 
duct, or really abuses you. When such circumstances 
arise, the Caddie Master, or the Caddie Executive, will 
investigate the facts, and if it is found that you have 
declined to go the full round without just cause, of course 
you will receive a demerit; but, if it is found that you 
were justified in your action, you will be paid for the 
full round, and will be upheld fully by the Caddie Execu- 
tive. 

GROUNDS FOR DEMOTION, SUSPENSION 
OR DISCHARGE 

Any caddie who shall refuse to obey the instructions 
of the Caddie Executive or Caddie Master, shall be liable 
to demotion, suspension or discharge, and he may be de- 
nied employment at any golf club in the city or district. 
"Playing for tips," refusing to "shag" for a player de- 
siring to practice; refusing to carry "single," when you 
may prefer to carry "double;" refusing to caddie for the 
member to whom you are assigned; willfully injuring club 
property; selling golf balls; smoking on the course; 
gambling; use of profane language; obscenity; "bully- 
ing," and all such misconduct shall be regarded as suf- 
ficient cause for such demotion, suspension or discharge. 

LIABILITY FOR INJURING PROPERTY 

Any caddie who shall injure or damage in any way 
any of the property of the club shall be held personally 
responsible for the value of the property so damaged or 
destroyed. Treat the property of the club as you would 
have the club treat your own property. 



—42— 



ADVICE AND INSTRUCTIONS 



REPORT TO CADDIE MASTER DIRECTED 
VIOLATION OF THESE RULES 

If a player directs you to do something contrary to the 
rules laid down in this book, do as you are directed, but 
you should report such fact to the Caddie Master, so that 
the Caddie Executive may take the matter up with 
the player. 

STUDY THE RULES OF GOLF 

In order that you may become a really good caddie, 
you must study the Rules of Golf, as printed in this book, 
especially the Rules which penalize a player for some act 
* of his caddie. By violating certain Rules, a caddie may 
cause his player to lose a hole, a match or be disqualified. 

For the numbers of such Rules, see page 54. 

NOTIFY PLAYER IF YOU DO NOT INTEND TO 
GO FULL ROUND 

If for any reason you cannot go the full round, you 
should so notify your player immediately after being 
assigned to him. 

STANDARD BALL AND DIFFERENT 

SIZES AND WEIGHTS 

The United States Golf Association has provided that 
on and after May 1, 1921, the weight of the ball shall 
not be greater than 1.62 ounces avoirdupois, and the 
size not less than 1.62 inches in diameter. 

While this rule provides for what is known as the 
standard ball, there are still in use balls that are lighter 
than 1.62 ounces and larger than 1.62 inches in diameter. 

LARGE SIZE: 

Light Weight: For medium distance drivers; soft 
ground, and water hazards; floater. 

Medium Weight: For average player; cuppy courses. 

Heavy Weight: For heavy hitters; cuppy courses; 
puts well. 

MEDIUM SIZE: 

Light Weight: For women and short distance drivers. 

Medium Weight: Nicely combines the advantages of 
both the large and small size and the heavy and 
light weight. 

—43— 



Honor Class Caddie form at the hole. 

—44— 



What four things is this caddie doing that 
are wrong? 



—45— 



ADVICE AND INSTRUCTIONS 

Heavy Weight: For long distance drivers; especially- 
good in the wind and for hard turf conditions; good 
ball for putting. 

SMALL SIZE: 

Light Weight: Quick, active ball, but not good where 
bad lies are found. 

Medium Weight: For use by average distance player; 
holds its direction well in the wind; good all around 
ball. 

Heavy Weight: For long distance carry and roll; good 
ball in heavy wind and on hard ground. 



—46— 



"CADDljCHlSM" 

(Answers in text) 

1 — Who is your Caddie Executive? 

2 — What are the duties of the Caddie Executive? 

3 — Where should the lunches, coats, clubs, etc., of 
caddies be kept while they are on the course? 

4 — When should caddies register with the Caddie Mas- 
ter? 

5 — In what order are the caddies assigned out for work ? 

6 — What are the qualifications of a B Class Caddie? 

7 — What are the qualifications of an A Class Caddie? 

8 — For what may the Caddie Master put an A Class 
Caddie back into the B class? 

9 — What are the qualifications of an Honor Class 
Caddie ? 

10 — How, and by whom, may an A Class Caddie be 
promoted to the Honor Class? 

11 — What are the special privileges of an A Class 
Caddie ? 

12— What are the special privileges of an Honor Class 
Caddie ? 

13 — By whom, and for what may an Honor Class Caddie 
be demoted. 

14 — What is the most important qualification of any 
caddie ? 

15 — Why will it pay you to be polite and courteous? 

16 — Are the benches at the tees for your use or for the 
use of the players ? 

17 — What should you do when you notice a small caddie 
in your match carrying a bag that is too heavy for him? 

18 — If you don't keep yourself neat and clean, will it 
affect your chances for promotion? 



CADDYCHISM" 



19 — Will you be given credit for good attendance if 
you violate the school attendance laws ? 

20 — What is Chick Evans' advice to caddies? 

21 — How should you carry a bag ? Two bags ? Ex- 
plain why. 

22 — Why, when your player is addressing his ball, 
should vou place vour hand over the club heads in vour 
bag? 

23 — Why should you never, when caddying. take a club 
of your own upon the course ? 

24 — How should you hand a club to your player ? 

25 — Where should you stand at a tee? Explain why. 

26 — If a ball is played, and you are not able to follow 
its flight, what should you do ? Explain why. 

27 — What is meant by "marking the ball" ? 

28 — What should you do immediately after your player 
and opponents have driven? 

29— Why should you "Beat your player to the ball"? 

30 — What should you do when the ball cannot be found 
immediately ? 

31 — Why should you never throw a bag of clubs down 
on the ground, or sit or lie on it ? 

32 — If you are a beginner, should vou tell vour plaver 
so at the first tee? Why? 

33 — Why should you always keep your player's ball 
washed and clean? 

34 — Why should you never scour a new ball with sand ? 

35 — When a shot is being played why is it so necessary 
for you to be perfectly quiet? 

36 — When a shot is being played why is it so necessary 
for you to stand perfectly still? 

37 — Under what circumstances should you go to your 
player's ball before other players in your match have 
played ? 

38 — Where should you place your bag while hunting 
for a ball off the fairway, and how should the bag be 
placed? 

—48— 



CADDYCHISM 



39 — If the player's ball cannot be found immediately, 
what questions should you ask yourself? 

40 — Where should you stand when your player is ad- 
dressing the ball on the course ? 

41 — What should you NOT do when a player is ad- 
dressing the ball ? 

42 — When your player is driving directly toward the 
sun what should vou do to enable you to follow better 
the flight of the ball? 

* 43 — If you notice your player's opponent, or his caddie, 
move a ball so as to improve the lie, or violate any rule, 
what should you do? 

44 — If a ball is lost, why should all caddies in the match 
immediately help find it? 

♦ 45 — When a ball goes out of bounds, or near bounds, 
what should you do ? 

46 — When a ball is to be driven over the crest of a hill, 
what should you do ? 

47 — Why should you never offer to your player a club 
(except perhaps a driver or a putter), before he asks you 
for it? 

48 — Why should you know all the clubs in your player's 
bag? 

49 — Why should you particularly notice the kind of a 
ball your player is using and whether it has any mark- 
ings on it? 

1 50 — What is the correct way to stand a bag against a 
tee-box or rack? Explain why. 

51 — Why should you know the par, bogey and yardage 
of each hole? 

52 — Why should you know the location of all hazards. 
1 and the lay of the ground on the course? 

53^-Why is it necessary for a caddie to know the Rules 
of Golf relating to caddies? 

54 — If you are assigned out and know you will not be 
able to go the full round, should you so inform the player 
before you start? 

55 — Why should you never walk in a sand trap, except 
for one purpose? 

—49— 



CADDYCHISM 1 



56 — What should you do when you see a foot-print in a 
sand trap? 

57— What is a divot? 

58 — What should you do whenever you see a divot, 
whether it has been cut by your player or you find one 
on the course? 

59 — Why should you press the divot down with your 
foot? 

60 — What should you do when you find loose paper or 

debris on the course? 

61 — What should you do when you find that a mole, for 
instance, has burrowed in a fairway and the sod is bulg- 
ing up? Explain why. 

62 — Why should you never swing your player's clubs ? 

63 — When you find a lost ball on the course what should 1 
you do with it? 

64 — Describe a— 

driver, mashie, 

brassie, lofter, 

spoon, pitcher, 

driving iron, mashie-niblick, 

cleek, niblick, 

mid-iron, putting cleek, 

jigger, putter, 
mid-mashie, 

65 — When one or more balls are on the putting-green, 
which caddie should take the flag? 

66 — When all the balls in the match are just off the 
putting-green, which caddie should take the flag? 

67 — Why should you partly remove the flag-stick be- 
fore the putt is made? 

68 — Why should you never run on the putting-green ? 

69 — When a caddie is taking and holding the flag-stick 
where should the other caddies be? 

70 — How should you stand when holding the flag- stick? 

71 — Why should you stand so that your shadow will 
not be on the hole? 

72 — Why should you never step nearer than 16 inches 
to the hole? 

—50— 



CADDYCHISM 



73 — Why should you not step in the line of a putt? 

74 — How should the flag-stick be removed and re- 
placed ? 

75 — Why should a caddie not be in the line of a putt, 
either before or behind the player? 

• 76 — When the flag-stick is removed from the hole, what 
should the caddie do with it ? 

77 — Why should the flag end be placed on the ground 
when the flag-stick is removed from the hole? 

#• 

78 — Why should you never drop your bag on the put- 

* ting-green? 

79 — Give three reasons why you should not go to the 
next tee before all the players in your match have putted 
out? 

80 — What is the penalty in Stroke Competition if a ball 
played within 20 yards of the hole strikes you, or the 
flag-stick, while you are at the hole ? 

81 — What is the penalty in Match Play if the ball of 
your player, or his partner, strikes you, or your bag of 
clubs anywhere on the course? 

82 — How long is a player allowed to search for his 
ball before it is deemed under the Rules to be lost? 

83— Why should you never touch a ball while in play, 
or anything within a club length of it, without being 
requested ? 

84 — What should be done when your player's ball lies on 
1 a putting-green other than the one to which he is play- 
ing? 

85 — What is a forecaddie? 

86 — When you are searching for your player's ball and 
accidentally move it, what is the penalty? 

87 — In Stroke Competition, if you accidentally move 
another competitor's ball, what should be done with the 
ball? 

88 — If you interfere with an opponent's ball in Match 
Play while it is in motion, what is the penalty? 

89 — What is the penalty in Match Play if your player's 
ball strikes the flag- stick which you have removed from 
the hole? 

—51— 



"CADDYCHISM : 



90 — What is the penalty in Match Play if your player's 
ball, lying within 20 yards of the hole, is played and 
strikes you or your clubs ? 

91. If you should remove or press down any irregu- 
larity in the surface of the ground that could affect in 
anv way your player's stroke, what would be the pen- 
alty? 

92 — If you should put any mark on the green to indi- 
cate the line of putt for your player, what would be the 
penalty ? 

93 — Why should you never leave your bag on the fair- 
way while hunting for a ball off the fairway? 

94— Define— 

hazard, slice, 

fairway, hook, 

putting-green, dormie, 

water hazard, match play, 

casual water, stroke competition, 

bunker, par, 

stymie, bogey. 

95 — If there is a Local Rule governing lost ball, what 
is it? 

96 — If there is a Local Rule governing a ball out of 
bounds, what is it? 

97 — If there is a Local Rule governing an unplayable 
ball, what is it? 

98— Why is "tipping" forbidden? 

99 — Why are you not permitted to sell golf balls found 
on the course? 

1U0 — Name five offenses for which a caddie may be 
demoted, suspended or discharged from the club ? 

101 — If a caddie is discharged or suspended from one 
club in the city, should he be permitted to caddie at an- 
other club before he is reinstated? 

102— What is a "floater"? Name one. 

103 — Name five balls in general use. 

104— What is meant by "standard ball"? 

105 — When and where did the game of golf originate? 

106 — Of what were the first golf balls made? 

—52— 



"CADDYCHISM ; 



107 — Describe "featheries." 

108 — When was the gutta-percha ball used? 

109 — When was the present rubber cored ball invented? 

110 — Who is the present Open Champion of the United 
States ? 

111 — Who is the present Amateur Champion of the 
United States? 

112 — Who is the present State Champion? City Cham- 
pion? 

113 — Who has won more Open Championships than any 
other living golfer? 

114 — Who is the present Open Champion of Great 
Britain ? 

115— If a player in your match repeatedly uses pro- 
fane language, or tells obscene stories in your presence, 
or treats you unjustly, what does the Club Management 
request you to do? 

116 — If the caddies are allowed at times to play on 
the course, what will happen if the privilege is abused? 

117 — What is first aid treatment for — 

(a) insect bites and stings, 

(b) chills, 

(c) heat exhaustion, 

(d) nose-bleed, 

(e) cuts, 

(f) bruises, 

(g) blisters, 

(h) sunburn, 

(i) toothache. 

118 — Why is it so important to keep your teeth per- 
fectly clean? 

119 — Why is cigarette smoking bad for growing boys ? 

120 — In addition to doing the things recommended in 
this book, what else do you think the club might do to 
help the caddies, and improve caddie service? 



—53— 



CThe Rules of Qolf in Rearranged, Con- 
densed and Simplified Form, Accord- 
ing to the United States Qolf Associa- 
tion and IPestern Qolf Association, IDith 
Local Rules of the Kansas City Qolf uAs- 
sociation, as of ITlai] 1st, 1922. 

Note — The Rule arrangement that follows includes all 
Rules published to date by the above named Associations, 
and now in force; but as here printed, are based upon 
The United States Golf Association's latest revision, 
unless otherwise specified. In play in which the special 
Rules of The Western Golf Association shall govern, 
such Rules — with the exception of the Stymie Rule — 
shall apply and be regarded as Local Rules. 

Paragraphs are arranged with regard to the alpha- 
betical sequence of their respective headings printed in 
bold faced type, and are therefore self indexing. 

K. C. G. A. Local Rules were enacted chiefly to expe- 
dite play upon local courses, often crowded; and are 
intended to govern only in everyday play and club events, 
rather than in the City Championship or other major 
tournament play. 

Caddies should note particularly Rules numbered 1-3- 
4-10-15-17-21-31-36-40-46-48-49-50-61-64-66-67-68-69-71- 
92-97-106-107-109-114 and 135; also Definitions 3 and 
24. 

DEFINITIONS 

1 Addressing the ball. 

When a player has taken his stance and grounded his 
club; or, if in a hazard, when he has taken his stance 
preparatory to striking at the ball. 

2 — Advice. 

Any counsel or suggestion which could influence a 
player in determining the line of play, in the choice of a 
club, or in the method of making a stroke. 

3 — Amateur Golfer. 

One who, after attaining the age of sixteen years, has 
not (a) carried clubs for hire; (b) received any con- 
sideration, either directly or indirectly, for playing or 
for teaching the game, or for playing in a match or 
tournament; (c) played for prize money in any compe- 
tition. 

4 — Ball deemed to move. 

If it leave its original position in the least degree, and 

-=54— 



RULES—DEFINITIONS 

does not merely oscillate and come to rest in its original 
position. 

5 — Ball in play when. 

As soon as a player has made a stroke at a teeing- 
ground; and it remains in play until holed out, except 
when lifted in accordance with the Rules. 

6— Ball is "lost," 

if not found within five minutes after search for it be- 
gan. 

7 — Ball out of bounds. 

When greater part of ball lies within prohibited area. 
Out of bounds line should be defined by Local Rules. 

8 — Best ball match. 

When one player plays his ball against the best ball 
of two or more other players. 

9 — Bunker. 

A depression in the ground where the natural soil is 
exposed and sometimes top dressed with softer soil or 
sand. 

10 — Casual Water. 

Any temporary accumulation of water (from whatever 
cause) not one of the recognized hazards of the course. 
The word "Water" in "Casual Water/' means any water 
which interferes with lie of ball or stance of player. 

11 — "Committee" in Stroke Competition Rules 

refers to the Committee in charge of the Competition. 

1 2 — Course. 

Entire area within which play is permitted. 

1 3 — Dormie. 

A side is "dormie" when it is as many holes up as 
there are holes remaining to be played. 

14 — Four-ball match. 

When two players play their better ball against the 
better ball of two other players. 

1 5 — Foursome. 

Two players playing against two other players, each 
side playing one ball. 

1 6 — Hazard. 

Any bunker, water (except casual water), ditch (unless 
excepted by Local Rules), bush, sand, path or road. Long 

— 55 — 



RULES— DEFINITIONS 



grass (unless in a hazard), heather, bent, sand blown onto 
the grass or sprinkled on the course for its preservation, 
bare patches, sheep tracks, snow and ice are not hazards. 
Hazards of a course should be defined by Local Rules. 

17 — Hole. 

Shall be 4% inches in diameter, and at least 4 inches 
deep. If metal lining be used, it shall be sunk below lip 
of hole, and outer diameter shall not exceed 4% inches. 

1 8 — Honour. 

The side which plays first from a teeing-ground is 
said to have the "honour." 

19 — Loose Impediments. 

Any obstructions not fixed or growing, including dung, 
worm-casts, mole-hills, snow, ice, loose stones (not em- 
bedded rocks), live worms and sand boxes on teeing- 
ground. 

20 — Out of bounds. 

All ground upon which play is prohibited. 

21 — Penalty, distance only. 

When shot must be replayed, count last stroke played, 
but add no penalty stroke. 

22 — Penalty stroke. 

A stroke added to score of side under certain Rules. 
Does not affect the rotation of play. 

23 — Penalty, stroke and distance. 

When a shot must be replayed, count last stroke played, 
and add a penalty stroke. 

24 — Professional Golfer. 

One who, after attaining the age of sixteen years, has 

(a) carried clubs for hire; 

(b) received any consideration, either directly or indi- 
rectly, for playing or for teaching the game, or for play- 
ing in a match or tournament; or 

(c) played for a money prize in any competition. 

25 — Provisional Ball. 

The ball played, in order to avoid possible delay, when 
a player, after making a stroke, believes that such ball 
may be out of bounds, lost (except in water or casual 
water), or in an unplayable position, and he at once 
plays another ball which is called a "provisional" ball. 
Should it be discovered that the ball played first is not 
out of bounds, lost or unplayable, it shall continue in 
play without penalty. If the ball played first was played 
from a teeing-ground, the provisional ball may be teed; 
otherwise, it must be dropped. 

—56— 



RULES— DEFINITIONS 



26 — Putting-green. 

All ground, except hazards, within twenty yards of the 
hole. 

27 — Referee. 

A "referee" decides questions of Golfing Law. He 
shall take cognizance of any breach of Rule that he may 
observe, whether appealed to on the point or not. 

28 — Side. 

Consists either of one player or of two players in a 
match. 

29 — Single. 

One player playing against another player. 

30 — Stroke. 

Forward movement of club with intent to strike the 
ball, or any . contact between head of club and ball re- 
sulting in movement of the ball, except ball not in play 
♦ accidentally knocked off tee. If a ball leaves its original 
position when the player has taken his stance in address- 
ing the ball and moves in the slightest degree and does 
not merely oscillate, such movement constitutes a stroke, 
not a penalty stroke. 

31 — Stymie. 

A player is laid a stymie if, on the putting-green, the 
opponent's ball lies in the line of his putt to the hole, 
provided the balls be not within six inches of each other, 
distance measured between nearest points. 

32 — Teeing. 

Placing ball on sand, grass or other substance to raise 
it off the ground. No method specified. Player allowed 
to drop it. 

33 — Teeing -ground. 

Starting place for each hole. Front shall be indicated 
by two marks placed in a line at right angle to line of 
play. Shall include a rectangular space of the depth 
of two club lengths directly behind the two marks. 

34 — Three-ball match. 

When three players play against each other, each play- 
ing his own ball. 

35 — Threesome. 

One player playing against two other players playing 
one ball between them. 

36 — Through the green. 

All ground upon which play is permitted, except hazards 
and the putting-green of the hole being played. 

—57— 



RULES CONDENSED AND SIMPLIFIED 



37 — Umpire. 

An "umpire" decides questions of fact. He shall take 
cognizance of any breach of Rule that he may observe, 
whether appealed to on the point or not. 

RULES 

1 — Advice, player must not ask for nor willingly receive 

in Match Play from anyone except his caddie, his part- 
ner, or his partner's caddie. Exception: anyone can in- 
dicate line to hole. Penalty, loss of hole. 

in Stroke Competition from anyone except his caddie. 
Exception: anyone can indicate line to hole. Penalty, 
"disqualification. 

from Forecaddie. Exception: he can indicate line to 
hole. Penalty: Match Play, loss of hole; Stroke Com- 
petition, disqualification. 

2 — Ball at rest displaced by any agency outside the 
match, except wind. 

Ball shall be dropped, or, if on putting-green, placed 
as near as possible to place where it lay, without penalty. 

Breach of Rule penalty: Match Play, loss of hole; 
Stroke Competition, two strokes. 

3 — Ball at rest, in Match Play, moved by opponent, his 
caddie or his clubs. 

Opponent's side shall lose the hole, except: 

(a) when complying with provisions of Rule covering 
balls lying within a club length of each other through 
the green or in a hazard; 

(b) when anywhere upon the course player's ball is 
moved by opponent's ball; 

(c) when player's ball is accidentally moved by op- 
ponent or his caddie in searching for it; 

(d) in lifting or replacing opponent's ball on putting- 
green when balls are within six inches of each other; and 

(e) when opponent has holed out leaving the player 
with a stroke for the half. 

Note — In none of the above "exceptions" is a penalty 
incurred. 

4 — Ball at rest moved in Stroke Competition. 

If a .competitor's ball, at rest, be accidentally moved 
by another competitor, his caddie, his clubs, or his ball, 
or any outside agency except wind, it shall be replaced as 
near as possible to the spot where it lay. Breach of 
Rule penalty, disqualification. 

—58— 



RULES CONDENSED AND SIMPLIFIED 



5 — -Ball covered by sand. 

Only so much sand may be removed as will enable 
player to see top of ball. If ball be touched in removing 
sand, no penalty. Breach of Rule penalty: Match Play, 
loss of hole; Stroke Competition, two strokes. 

6 — Ball "dropped/' when lifted under a Local Rule, 

if it is to be played through the green — so recommend- 
ed. 

7 — Ball embedded in soft mud. 

Western Golf Association Rule, and Kansas City Golf 
Association Local Rule: 

Shall be deemed to be in casual water, except when in 
a recognized water hazard, and so played. 

8— — Ball fairly struck at. 

Ball must be fairly struck at with head of club, and 
not pushed, scraped or spooned. Penalty: Match Play, 
loss of hole; Stroke Competition, two strokes. 

9 — Ball falls off tee accidentally in addressing. 

May be re-teed without penalty, provided player has 
not made a stroke at the teeing-ground. 

10 — Ball, how to drop. 

Player himself shall drop it. He shall face the hole, 
stand erect, and drop ball behind him over his shoulder. 
Breach of Rule penalty: Match Play, loss of hole; Stroke 
Competition, two strokes- 

If, in act of dropping, the ball touch the player, he 
shall incur no penalty; and if it roll into a hazard, the 
player may re-drop the ball without penalty. 

11 — Ball in casual water in a hazard. 

If a ball lie or be lost in casual water in a hazerd, 
player in Match Play or Stroke Competition may drop a 
ball under penalty of one stroke, either 

(a) ' behind the hazard, keeping the spot where the ball 
crossed the margin of the hazard between himself and the 
hole; or 

(b) in the hazard, keeping the spot where the ball 
entered the water between himself and the hole. 

12 — Ball in casual water on putting-green, or casual 
water intervening between ball and hole. 

Ball may be played where it lies, or lifted without pen- 
alty and placed, either 

(a) within two club lengths directly behind the spot 
from which ball was lifted; or 

(b) in nearest position to that spot which is not nearer 
to the hole and which affords a putt to the hole with no 
casual water intervening. 

—59— 



RULES CONDENSED AND SIMPLIFIED 



13 — Ball in casual water through the green. 

If ball lie or be lost in casual water through the green, 
player may drop a ball, without penalty, within two club 
lengths of the margin, as near as possible to where ball 
lay, but not nearer to the hole. 

If ball when dropped roll into the water, it may be 
re-dropped without penalty. 

14 — Ball in or touching a hazard — conditions of play. 

Lie can not be improved in any way. Club shall not 
touch the ground, nor shall anything be touched or moved 
before player strikes at the ball, except: 

(a) player may place his feet firmly on ground in tak- 
ing his stance; 

(b) in addressing ball, or in the backward or forward 
swing, any grass, bush or other growing substance, or the 
side of a bunker, wall, or other immovable obstacle may 
be touched; 

(c) steps or planks placed in a hazard by the Green 
Committee for access to. or egress from such hazard, or 
any obstruction in the nature of course equipment or 
used in its up-keep, or cut grass or other material piled 
for removal may be removed; and if a ball be moved in 
so doing, it shall be replaced, without penalty; 

(d) any loose impediment may be lifted from the 
putting-green; 

(e) player in searching for his ball shall be entitled to 
touch or move as much long "grass, bushes or the like 
as will enable him to find it; 

(f) if ball be completely covered with sand, player 
may remove as much thereof as will enable him to see 
the top of the ball, and if the ball be touched in so doing, 
no penalty shall be incurred. 

Breach of Rule penalty: Match Play, loss of hole: 
Stroke Competition, two strokes. 

15 — Ball in play accidentally moved by the player there- 
of, his partner or either of their caddies, 

or caused to move by either of them touching any- 
thing — penalty in both Match Play and Stroke Competi- 
tion, one stroke. 

16 — Ball in water hazard. 

If ball lie or be lost in a recognized water hazard (re- 
gardless of whether ball lie in water), player in Match 
Play or Stroke Competition may drop a ball under pen- 
alty of one stroke, either 

(a) behind the hazard, keeping the spot where the ball 
crossed the margin of the hazard between himself and 
the hole; or 

—60— 



RULES CONDENSED AND SIMPLIFIED 



(b) in the hazard, keeping the spot where the ball 
entered the water between himself and the hole. 

17 — Ball interfered with in Match Play by opponent, his 
caddie or his clubs, when in motion. 

Opponent's side shall lose the hole. 

18 — Ball interfering with play in Stroke Competition 
lifted. 

A competitor may have any other competitor's ball 
played or lifted, at the option of the owner, if he regards 
it as interfering with his play. 

19 — Ball knocked off tee accidentally in addressing 

may be re-teed without penalty, provided player has 
not made a stroke at the teeing-ground. 

20 — Ball knocks opponent's ball into the hole in Match 
Play. 

Opponent shall then be deemed to have holed out at 
his last stroke. 

21 — Ball lifted before holed out in Stroke Competition. 

If a competitor or his caddie pick up his ball from the 
putting-green before it is holed out — except when lifted 
according to Rules — the player shall, before he has struck 
off from the next tee, or, in the case of the last hole 
of the round, before he has left the putting-green, be 
permitted to replace the ball under penalty of two strokes. 

22 — Ball lifted for identification allowed, if carefully 
replaced, 

in Match Play, with consent of opponent. In Stroke 
Competition, in presence of fellow-competitor. Breach of 
Rule penalty, one stroke. 

23 — Ball lifted or played when interfering or assisting, 
in three-ball, best ball or four-ball match. 

Any player may have any ball in match lifted or played, 
at option of owner, if he consider that it might interfere 
with or be of assistance to a player or side, but this 
should only be done before player has played his stroke. 

24 — Ball lifted when unplayable. 

See "Ball unplayable as to lie or position ,, Rule. 

25 — Ball lodging in anything moving. 

Ball shall be dropped, or if on putting-green, placed 
as near as possible to place where the object was when 
the ball lodged in it, without penalty. Breach of Rule 
penalty: Match Play, loss of hole; Stroke Competition, 
two strokes. 

—61— 



RULES CONDENSED AND SIMPLIFIED 

26— — Ball lost, except in water, casual water or out of 

bounds, Match Play or Stroke Competition. 

Player shall return as nearly as possible to spot from 
which the ball was played and drop another ball, with a 
penalty of one stroke. If the lost ball was played from 
teeing-ground, the player may tee a ball for his next- 
stroke; otherwise, ball shall be dropped. A provisional 
ball may be played — -see Rules Definition 25. Under 
this Rule a ball shall only be considered lost, when it has 
not been found after a search of five minutes. Penalty 
stroke may be remitted by Local Rule, making penalty 
distance only. 

Western Golf Association Rule: Penalty shall be dis- 
tance only. Otherwise, same as XL S. G. A. Rule. 

Kansas City Golf Association Local Rule: Player shall 
drop a ball as nearly as possible where ball was lost, 
with a penalty of one stroke. Otherwise, same as U. S. 
G. A. Rule. 

27 — Ball lying on or touching an obstruction, 

such as a flag-stick, guide-flag, tool, wheelbarrow, 
similar obstruction, or clothes, nets, ground under repair 
or covered up or opened for the upkeep of the course, 
cut grass, or other material piled for removal, or lying 
in one of the holes, or in a guide-flag hole, or in a hole 
made by the green keeper, may be lifted and dropped 
without penalty as near as possible to the place where 
it lay, but not nearer the hole. A ball so lifted in a 
hazard shall be dropped in the hazard. 

28 — Ball lying on or within a club length of 

a drain-cover, water-pipe or hydrant on the course 
may be lifted and dropped, without penalty, as near as 
possible to where it lay, but not nearer to hole. 

29 — Ball moved by any other ball in three-ball, best ball 
or four-ball match. 

Ball moved must be replaced as near as possible to 
where it lay, without penalty. Breach of Rule penalty: 
Match Play, loss of hole; Stroke Competition, disquali- 
fication. 

30 — Ball moved by opponent's ball in Match Play through 
the green or in a hazard. 

Player of ball moved may, if he choose, drop a ball, 
without penalty, as near as possible to where his ball lay, 
but before another stroke is played by either side. 

31 — Ball moved by the player thereof, or his caddie, in 
searching for it. 

Penalty: Match Play or Stroke Competition, one stroke, 

—62— 



RULES CONDENSED AND SIMPLIFIED 



32 — Ball moved in removing loose impediment from putt- 
ing-green. 

See "Loose impediments on putting-green, removal 
permitted, ,, Rule. 

33 — Ball moves after player has grounded his club, 

or, if in a hazard, moves afte^ player has taken hih 
stance to play it — penalty in both Match Play and Stroke 
Competition, one stroke. If the player has lifted a loose 
impediment, and the ball has not moved until the player 
has grounded his club, he shall only be deemed to have 
caused the ball to move under this Rule, and the penalty 
shall be accordingly. 

34 — Ball moves on putting-green in removing loose im- 
pediment. 

If lying within six inches of loose impediment, and ball 
moves after loose impediment has been touched by player, 
his partner or either of their caddies — penalty, one stroke, 
Match Play and Stroke Competition. 

35 — Ball moves opponent's ball on putting-green in Match 
Play. 

Opponent, if he choose, may replace his ball; but this 
must be done before another stroke is played by either 
side. 

36 — -Ball moves while loose impediment is being removed. 

If a ball move after any loose impediment not in a 
hazard and within a club length of the ball has been 
touched by the player, his partner or either of their 
caddies, for removal, penalty shall be one stroke in both 
Match Play and Stroke Competition. 

37— Ball moving in falling or being accidentally knocked 
off tee. 

Player striking same sh-Ai incur no penalty. 

38 — Ball moving in water. 

Player may strike it without penalty, but he must 
not delay making his stroke in order to obtain better 
position of ball. Penalty: Match Hay, loss of hole; 
Stroke Competition, two strokes. 

39 — Ball moving shall not be played. 

Penalty: Match Play, loss of hole; Stroke Competition, 
two strokes. Exceptions: teed bail, ball struck twice or 
ball in water. 

If a moving ball played began to move only after the 
player started his back-ward swing, he shall incur no 
penalty under this Rule. However, he is not thereby 
exempted from the provisions of other Rules covering 
ball moving, or caused t<* move. 

40 — Ball moving stopped or deflected 

by any agency outside the match, or by a forecaddie, 
—63— 



RULES CONDENSED AND SIMPLIFIED 



constitutes a rub of the green; and the ball shall be 
played from the spot where it lies. Breach of Rule pen- 
alty: Match Play, loss of hole; Stroke Competition, 
two strokes. 

41 — Ball moving touched by player thereof, his partner, 
either of their caddies or their clubs. 

See Rule 49. 

42 — Ball nearer hole in Stroke Competition lifted while 
fellow-competitor's ball is in motion. 

If within 20 yards of hole, penalty, one stroke. 

43— Ball nearer hole lifted in Stroke Competition. 

Competitor may request that a ball nearer to and within 
20 yards of hole be lifted or played at the option of its 
owner. If latter refuse to comply when so requested, he 
shall be disqualified. 

44 — Ball nearer hole of assistance to fellow-competitor 
in Stroke Competition. 

If the competitor whose ball is nearer to and within 20 
yards of hole consider that it might be of assistance to his 
fellow-competitor, he should lift it or play first. 

45 — Ball of opponent on putting-green shall be at rest 
before player may play. 

Breach of Rule penalty: Match Play, loss of hole; 
Stroke Competition, two strokes. 

46 — Ball of opponent played by player. 

In Match Play, player's side shall lose the hole, unless: 

(a) opponent then play player's ball, in which case 
penalty is cancelled and hole shall be played out with 
balls thus exchanged; or 

(b) mistake occurred through wrong information 
given by opponent or his caddie, in which case, no penalty 
is incurred. If mistake be discovered before opponent 
has played, it shall be rectified by dropping, or if on the 
putting-green, placing the ball as near as possible to 
place where the opponent's ball lay. 

In Stroke Competition, no penalty is incurred, provided 
fellow-competitor then plays his own ball; but if he 
plays two consecutive strokes with a wrong ball, he shall 
be disqualified; except that in a hazard, if he play more 
than one stroke with a wrong ball and the mistake be 
discovered before he has played a stroke with the wrong 
ball from outside the limits of the hazard, he shall incur 
no penalty, provided he then play his own ball Breach 
of Rule penalty, disqualification. 

47 — Ball of partner played by mistake in best ball or 
four-ball match. 

If mistake be discovered and stated to other side be- 
—64— 



RULES CONDENSED AND SIMPLIFIED 



fore an opponent has played another stroke, player shall 
be disqualified for hole being played, and his partner 
shall drop a ball as near as possible to spot from which 
his ball was played, without penalty. If mistake be not 
discovered until after an opponent has played a stroke, 
player's side shall lose the hole in Match Play, and player 
who violated this rule shall be disqualified for hole being 
played in Stroke Competition. 

48— Ball of player (one of a side) striking or stopped by 
himself, or his partner, either of their caddies, or 
clubs, in best ball or four-ball match. 

Only that player shall be disqualified for the hole being 
play«\ 

49 — Ball of player striking or stopped by himseli, or his 
partner, or either of their caddies or their clubs. 

Player's side shall lose the hole in Match Play. In 
Stroke Competition, penalty is one stroke, except when 
player's ball, lying within twenty yards of hole, is played 
and strikes, or is stopped by his partner, or either of their 
caddies while at the hole, when the penalty is two strokes. 

50 — Ball of player touched or moved accidentally by op- 
ponent or his caddie in search. 

No penalty. Ball, if moved, shall be replaced. Breach 
of Rule penalty: Match Play, loss of hole; Stroke Compe- 
tition, two strokes. 

51 — Ball on lip of hole in Match Play. 

If player has holed out, and opponent then plays to 
lip of hole, player may not knock ball away; but opponent, 
if asked, shall play next stroke without delay. Breach 
of Rule penalty: loss of hole. 

If opponent's ball lie on lip of hole, the player, after* 
holing out, may knock the ball away, claiming the hole 
if holing at the like, and the half if holing at the odd, 
provided that the player's ball does not strike the oppon- 
ent's ball and set it in motion. If the player neglects 
to knock away the opponent's ball, and it fall into the 
hole, the opponent shall be deemed to have holed out at 
his last stroke. 

52 — Ball on putting-green of hole other than hole being 
played. 

No U. S. G. A. Rule to cover. Rules of Golf Com- 
mittee suggests Local Rule to govern. 

Western Golf Association Rule, and Kansas City Golf 
Association Local Rule: 

Shall be lifted and placed off such green, as near as 
—65— 



RULES CONDENSED AND SIMPLIFIED 



possible to where ball lay, but not nearer hole being 
played, without penalty. 

53 — Ball out of bounds, Match Play and Stroke Competi- 
tion. 

Player shall play his next stroke as nearly as oossihle 
at spot from which ball out of bounds was played, adding 
a penalty stroke to the score for the hole. If ball was 
played out of bounds from the teeing-ground, the player 
may tee a ball for his next stroke; in every other case 
ball shall be dropped. A provisional ball may be played 
— see Rules Definition 25. Penalty stroke may be re- 
mitted by Local Rule; in which case, if a provisional ball 
has been played, on reaching the place where the ball 
played first is likely to be, if the player or his opponent 
be still in doubt, the player is not entitled to presume 
that the first ball is out of bounds till he has made a 
search of five minutes. A player has the right of as- 
certaining at any time whether his opponent's ball is out 
of bounds before his opponent can compel him to con- 
tinue his play. Breach of Rule penalty: Match Play, loss 
of hole; Stroke Competition, disqualification. 

Western Golf Association Rule: Penalty distance 
only; otherwise, same as U. S. G. A. rule. 

Kansas City Golf Association Local Rule: If a ball is 
played out of bounds from the teeing ground, the player 
shall tee another ball thereon with the penalty of dis- 
tance; i. e. he shall play "two." Likewise, if a player 
play any shot subsequent to his tee shot obviously out 
of bounds, he shall drop a ball as nearly as possible at 
spot from which such ball was played out of bounds, 
with penalty of distance. If a ball supposedly in bounds 
is found lying out of bounds, the player shall drop a ball 
within bounds as near as possible to the spot where the 
ball is found, with a penalty of one stroke. If a player 
after making a stroke be in doubt whether his ball is 
out of bounds, he shall at once play another ball; but if 
it is discovered that the first ball is not out of bounds, 
it shall continue in play without penalty. Otherwise, same 
as U. S. G. A. Rule. 

54 — Ball outside of match played. 

If a player in Match Play play a stroke with a ball 
of anyone not engaged in the match, and the mistake 
be discovered and stated to his opponent before his op- 
ponent has played his next stroke, there shall be no pen- 
alty; if the mistake be not discovered and so stated until 
after the opponent has played his next stroke, the player's 
side shall lose the hole. 



RULES CONDENSED AND SIMPLIFIED 



55 — Ball "placed/' when lifted under a Local Rule, 

if it is to be played on the putting-green — so recom- 
mended 

56— Ball played first. 

When balls are in play, the ball farthest from the hole 
shall be played first. 

57— Ball played from outside teeing-ground limits 

in Match Play may at once be recalled by opposing 
side and re-teed without penalty. 

In Stroke Competition competitor shall count that 
| stroke, tee a ball and play next stroke from within lim- 
its; penalty, disqualification. 

58 — Ball played out of turn in Match Play. 

Through the green, or in a hazard, if a player play 
when his opponent should have played, the opponent 
may at once recall the stroke. Ball so recalled shall be 
dropped as near as possible to the place where it lay, 
without penalty. If ball be recalled at teeing-ground, it 
may be re-teed without penalty. On putting-green, 
stroke may at once be recalled by opponent and ball re- 
placed without penalty. In Match Play Competition (a 
tournament match), if the competitor whose ball on the 
putting-green is nearer to the hole play first, his bail 
shall at once be replaced: breach of Rule penalty, dis- 
qualification of both competitors. 

59 — Ball played out of turn in three-ball, best ball or 
four-ball match. 

Through the green, stroke shall not be recalled, no 
penalty. On putting-green, stroke may be recalled by 
an opponent, but no penalty shall be incurred. 

60 — Ball resting against flag-stick in the hole. 

Player may remove flag-stick, and if ball fall into the 
hole, player shall be deemed to have holed out at his last 
stroke. 

61 — Ball shielded from wind on putting-green. 

No player or caddie shall endeavor, by moving or other- 
wise, to influence the action of the wind upon the ball. 
Breach of Rule penalty: Match Play, loss of hole; Stroke 
Competition, two strokes. 

62 — Ball, size. 

Shall be not less than 1.62 inches in diamater, effect- 
ive May 1, 1921. 

63 — Eall stops on spot on putting-green formerly occu- 
pied by opponent's ball. 

If opponent declare his intention to replace his ball, 
player shall play another stroke, after which, opponent 
shall replace his ball. 

—67— 



RULES CONDENSED AND SIMPLIFIED 



64 — -Ball strikes flag-stick removed from hole. 

If flag-stick was removed from hole by player, his 
partner, or either of their caddies, player's side shall 
lose the hole in Match Play, and two strokes in Stroke 
Competition. 

65 — Ball striking fellow-competitor's ball on putting- 
green in Stroke Competition. 

If both balls were within 20 yards of hole when stroke 
was played, player thereof shall incur a penalty of one 
stroke, and the ball struck shall at once be replaced. 

66 — Ball striking flag-stick or person at hole in Stroke 
Competition. 

If ball lay within twenty yards of hole when stroke was 
played, penalty shall be two strokes. Neglect of person 
at hole does not exempt competitor from incurring the 
penalty. 

67 — Ball striking or moved by another competitor in 
Stroke Competition. 

If a competitor's ball strike or be stopped by another 
competitor, or his caddie, or his clubs, it is a rub of the 
green, and the ball shall be played from where it lies, 
unless the ball be played from within twenty yards of 
the hole, and it strikes another competitor or his caddie 
at hole, in which case the competitor playing shall be 
penalized two strokes. 

68 — Ball striking, stopped or moved by an opponent, his 
caddie or clubs in best ball or four-ball match. 

Opponent's side shall lose the hole in Match Play. In 
Stroke Competition it is a rub of the green, and ball shall 
be played from where it lies, except when played from 
within twenty yards of hole and it strikes another com- 
petitor or his caddie at hole, in which case player thereof 
shall be penalized two strokes; and except when com- 
petitor's ball at rest be accidentally moved by another 
competitor, his caddie, his clubs, his ball, or any outside 
agency except wind, when it shall be replaced as near as 
possible to where it lay — Breach of Rule penalty, dis- 
qualification. ^ 

69 — Ball striking, stopped or moved by opponent, his 
caddie or clubs in three-ball match. 

That opponent shall lose the hole to the player. As 
regards other opponent, it is a rub of the green. 

70 — Ball struck twice in making a stroke. 

Penalty in both Match Play and Stroke Competition, 
one stroke; but no additional penalty acsount playing 
while ball was moving. 

71 — Ball touched. 

Ball in play may not be touched, except as provided 
—68— 



RULES CONDENSED AND SIMPLIFIED 



for in the Rules. Penalty, Match Play or Stroke Compe- 
tition, one stroke. 

72 — Ball touched by club. 

Is allowed in addressing ball, without penalty, provided 
player does not move ball. 

73 — Ball unfit for play. 

If a ball split into separate pieces, another ball may 
be dropped where any piece lies. If a ball crack, or be- 
come otherwise unfit for play, player may change it upon 
stating his intention to do so. Mud adhering to a ball 
shall not be considered as making it unfit for play. Clean- 
ing a ball in play entails a penalty of loss of hole in 
Match Play and disqualification in Stroke Competition, 
unless provided for by Local Rule. 

74 — Ball unplayable as to lie or position. 

If a ball in Match Play or Stroke Competition be 
deemed by the player to be unplayable, it may be lifted 
irom any place on the course. Player shall play next 
stroke as nearly as possible at spot from which the ball 
was played, adding a penalty stroke to the score for the 
hole. If played Irom teeing-ground, ball may be teed; 
otherwise, ball shall be dropped. A provisional ball may 
be played — see Rules Definition 25. Breach of Rule 
penalty: Match Play, loss of hole; Stroke Competition, 
disqualification. 

in Stroke Competition player may also lift, tee and 
play a ball, under penalty of two strokes, behind the 
place from which the ball was lifted; if this be impos- 
sible, he shall tee and play a ball, under penalty of two 
strokes, as near as possible to the place from which the 
ball was lifted, but not nearer to the hole. In preparing 
a tee, as above authorized, the player is exempted from 
the restrictions imposed by Rules 95 and 117. Breach 
of Rule penalty, disqualification. 

Western Golf Association Rule: Ball may be lifted 
from any place, except a hazard, and dropped within two 
club lengths from such place, but not nearer the hole, 
with penalty of one stroke in both Match and Medal Play. 
If ball when dropped be in a bad lie, it may be lifted 
and redropped without penalty. Ball lifted from putting- 
green may be placed. 

Kansas City Golf Association Local Rule: Ball may be 
lifted from any place on course under penalty of one 
stroke in Match Play or Stroke Competition, and dropped 
such distance from spot where ball was lifted as will 
provide a free swing. Position with reference to hole 
shall not be improved. 

If. the ball when dropped be in a bad lie, it may be 
lifted and redropped without penalty. A ball lifted from 



—69— 



RULES CONDENSED AND SIMPLIFIED 



the putting-green may be placed. This Rule shall not be 
interpreted as applying in the cases of a ball in a water 
hazard, in casual water, or within a club length of ob- 
structions or fixtures related to the construction or up- 
keep of the course, etc., covered by U. S. G. A. Rules, 
or other Local Rules of the course. 

75 — Ball, weight. 

Shall be not more than 1.62 ounces, avoirdupois, ef- 
fective May 1, 1921. 

76 — Ball, when dropped, when placed. 

When a ball is lifted under a Local Rule, if it is to 
be played from "through the green" it should be dropped; 
if it is to be played on the putting-green of the hole 
being played, it should be placed. 

77 — Bails within a club length of each other through 
the green or in a hazard. 

Ball nearer to hole may, at the option of either the 
player or the opponent, be lifted until the other ball is 
played, and then replaced where it lay. If either ball 
be accidentally moved in so doing, no penalty shall be 
incurred, and ball so moved shall be replaced. If the 
lie of the lifted ball be altered in playing the other ball, 
the lifted ball may be placed as near as possible to the 
place where it lay and in a lie similar to that which it 
originally occupied. 

78 — Balls within six inches on putting-green. 

When balls lie within six inches of each other on putt- 
ing-green (distance between their nearest points), ball 
lying nearer to hole may, at option of either the player 
or opponent, be lifted until the other ball is played, lifted 
ball then to be replaced as near as possible to where it 
lay. If either ball be accidentally moved therein, no pen- 
alty, and ball moved shall be replaced. 

79 — Bogey Competition — how played. 

A Bogey Competition is a series of Stroke Competi- 
tions, in which play is against a fixed score (generally 
Bogey) at each hole of the stipulated round or rounds, 
and the winner is the competitor who is most successful 
in the aggregate of these competitions. The Rules for 
Stroke Competitions shall apply with the following ex- 
ceptions: 

(1) any hole for which the competitor makes no re- 
turn shall be regarded as a loss. The marker shall only 
be responsible for the marking of the correct number 
of strokes at each hole at which a competitor makes a 
score either equal to or less than the fixed score. 

(2) any breach of Rule which entails the penalty of 
disqualification shall only disqualify the competitor for 
the hole at which the breach occurred; but a competitor 

—70— 



RULES CONDENSED AND SIMPLIFIED 



shall not be exempted from the general disqualifications 
imposed by Rules 128-130-135-136 and 138. 

Note — -A scale showing the handicap allowance, and 
indicating the holes at which strokes are to be given 
or taken, shall be printed on the back of every scoring 
card. 

The U. S. G. A. recommends that clubs allow each 
competitor three-quarters of his full medal handicap. 

80 — Casual water interfering with stance. 

If through the green, "Ball in casual water through 
the green" Rule applies. If on a putting-green, Rule 
covering "Ball in casual water on putting-green" applies. 

81 — Casual water on putting-green between ball and hole. 
"Ball in casual water on putting-green" Rule applies. 

82 — Claims, when and how made. 

If a dispute arise on any point, a claim must be made 
before the players strike off from the next teeing-ground, 
or, in the case of the last hole of the round, before they 
leave the putting-green thereof. 

If no umpire or referee has been appointed, the players 
have the right of determining to whom the point shall 
be referred, but should they not agree, either side may 
have it referred officially through the Secretary of the 
club, to the Executive Committee of the United States 
Golf Association, whose decision shall be final. If the 
point in dispute be not covered by the Rules of Golf, the 
arbiters shall decide it by equity. 

If the players have agreed to an umpire or referee, 
they must abide by his decision. 

83 — Cleaning ball on putting-green. 

Western Golf Association Rule, and Kansas City Golf 
Association Local Rule: 

If there be mud or other substance adhering to ball, at 
rest, on putting-green, it may be lifted, cleaned and re- 
placed without penalty; provided same be done with 
knowledge of opponent or fellow-competitor. 

84 — Club drawn back and forth upon the ground in line 
of play, 

not permissible. Penalty: Match Play, loss of hole; 
Stroke Competition, two strokes. 

85 — Clubs, form and make. 

Traditional and accepted form and make shall not be de- 
parted from. Mallet-headed type illegal, but Schenectady 
putters allowable. 

Author's Note: Press reports steel shafted clubs 
barred from tournament play by U. S. G. A., April 5, 
1922. 

86 — Course unplayable, etc., in Stroke Competition. 

If the Committee deems course is not in playable con- 
—71— 



RULES CONDENSED AND SIMPLIFIED 



dition, or that insufficient light renders proper playing 
of game impossible, it shall at any time have power to 
declare the day's play null and void. 

87 — Darkness making play impossible in Stroke Compe- 
tition. 

See "Course unplayable, etc." Rule. 

88 — Disputes in Stroke Competition, how decided. 

By the Committee, whose decision shall be final, unless 
an appeal be made under the Rule, "Claims, when and 
how made," which see. 

89 — Doubtful penalty in Stroke Competition. 

If, on completion of stipulated round, a competitor is 
doubtful whether he has incurred a penalty at any hole, 
he may enclose his scoring card with a written statement 
of the circumstances to the Committee, who shall decide 
what penalty, if any, has been incurred. 

90— Dropping a ball. 

See "Ball, how to drop" Rule. 

91 — Flag-stick removal. 

Either side is entitled to have flag-stick removed when 
approaching the hole. 

92 — Forecaddie, player shall not receive advice from. 

Exception: he can indicate line to hole. Penalty: Match 
Play- loss of hole; Stroke Competition, disqualification. 

93 — Foursome, order of play. 

Same as "Threesome, order of play" Rule, which see. 

94 — Game, how played. 

By two or more sides or players, each playing its own 
ball, with clubs made in conformity with the United States 
Golf Association's specifications. Game consists in each 
side playing a ball from a teeing-ground into a hole by 
successive strokes. In Match Play the hole is won by 
the side which holes its ball in fewest strokes, except as 
otherwise provided for in the Rules. Hole is "halved" if 
each side holes out in same number of strokes. Match 
consists of one round of course, unless otherwise agreed. 
Match begins by each side playing a ball from first tee- 
ing-ground, and is won by side which is leading by a 
number of holes greater than the number of holes re- 
maining to be played. Match is halved if each side wins 
the same number of holes. 

In Stroke Competition the competitor who holes the 
stipulated round or rounds in the fewest strokes shall be 
the winner. 

—72— 



RULES CONDENSED AND SIMPLIFIED 



95 — Grounding a club. 

Player may only ground his club lightly. Undue pres- 
sure prohibited. Penalty: Match Play, loss of hole; Stroke 
Competition, two strokes. 

96 — Handicapping Match Play Competition Singles and 
Foursomes. 

The Executive Committee of the United States Golf 
Association recommends that in Match Play Competi- 
tion (tournament play) singles, three-fourths of the 
difference between medal handicaps be allowed; and 
that in Match Play Competition foursomes, three-eighths 
of the difference of the combined medal handicaps be 
allowed. 

97 — Hole — who may stand at. 

Any player or caddie engaged in the match; but a 
player, however, is always entitled to have his own caddie 
stand at the hole while he plays his stroke. Either side 
may refuse to allow a person not engaged in the match 
to stand at the hole. Breach of Rule penalty: Match 
Play, loss of hole; Stroke Competition, two strokes. 

88- — Holing out in Stroke Competition. 

Competitor must hole out with his own ball at every 
hole. Penalty, disqualification. 

99 — Honour, after first hole, how determined. 

In both Match Play and Stroke Competition the honour 
shall be taken by the side or competitor who won the 
next previous hole. If such hole was halved the side or 
competitor which last had the honour shall retain it. 

100 — Honour at first teeing-ground 

in Match Play shall, if necessary, be determined by 
lot. In Stroke Competition according to order in which 
players' names appear on starting list. 

1C1 — Honour in three-ball match when hole halved. 

If no player is entitled at a teeing-ground to claim the 
honour from both opponents, same order of playing as 
at last teeing-ground shall obtain. 

102 — Honour on beginning a new match 

shall be taken by winner of the long match in previous 
round. If previous long match was halved, the side which 
last won a hole shall take the honour. 

103 — Honour taken by player in error. 

In Match Play ball played may at once be recalled by 
opposing side and re-teed without penalty. 

In Stroke Competition stroke cannot be recalled; no 
penalty. 

—73— 



KILLES condensed and simplified 



104 — Ice on putting-green, or through the green 

is considered "casual water." 

105 — Information as to strokes played. 

A player is entitled at any time during the play of a 
hole to ascertain from his opponent the number of strokes 
the latter has played. In Match Play, if the opponent 
gives wrong information, he shall lose the hole, unless 
he corrects mistake before the player has played another 
stroke. 

Penalty: Match Play, loss of hole; Stroke Competition, 
disqualification. 

106 — Irregularities of surface through the green, 

such as could affect in any way a player's stroke, 
shall not be removed nor pressed down by the player, 
his partner or either of their caddies. Penalty: Match 
Play, loss of hole; Stroke Competition, two strokes. How- 
ever, a player is always entitled to place his feet firmly 
on the ground when taking his stance. 

107 — Line of play may be indicated to player 

when playing through the green, or from a hazard; but 
no mark shall be placed, nor shall anyone stand on the 
proposed line in order to indicate it while the stroke is 
being played. Breach of Rule penalty: Match Play, loss 
of hole; Stroke Competition, two strokes. 

108 — Line of putt must not be touched, 

except as in removing loose impediments and placing 
the club head immediately in front of ball in addressing 
it. It is also not permissible to touch the ground behind 
the hole in order to point out the line of a putt. Breach 
of Rule penalty: Match Play, loss of hole; Stroke Com- 
petition, two strokes. 

109 — Line of putt pointed out. 

When a player's ball is on the putting-green, his part- 
ner, or either of their caddies may, before the stroke is 
played, point out direction for putting; but in doing this 
they shall lot touch ground on the proposed line of putt; 
nor shall any mark be placed anywhere on putting-green. 
Breach of Rule penalty: Match Play, loss of hole; Stroke 
Competition, two strokes. 

110 — Local Rules recommendations. 

When necessary, Local Rules should be made to cover 
such obstructions as rushes, trees, hedges, fixed seats, 
fences, gates, railways and walls; for such difficulties as 
rabbit scrapes, hoof marks, and other damage caused by 
animals; for such local conditions as mud; and penalty 
applicable to ball out of bounds, or a ball which is lost. 

—74— 



1 



RULES CONDENSED AND SIMPLIFIED 

111 — Loose impediment lying more than a club length 
from the ball through the green 

may not be moved. Penalty: Match Play, loss of hole; 
Stroke Competition, two strokes. 

112 — Loose impediments may be removed without pen- 
alty, 

if lying within a club length of the ball and not in or 
touching a hazard. 

113 — Loose impediments on putting-green, method of re- 
moval. 

Dung, wormcasts, snow and ice may be scraped aside 
with a club, but the club must not be laid with more than 
its own weight on ground, nor may anything be pressed 
down either with the club or in any other way. The 
hand may be used in all cases to lift any loose impedi- 
ment, but in the cases of dung, wormcasts, snow and ice 
it is also permissible to make use of a club to scrape 
them aside. Loose leaves, therefore, must be lifted. 
Breach of Eule penalty: Match Play, loss of hole; Stroke 
Competition, two strokes. 

114 — Loose impediments on putting-green, removal per- 
mitted. 

Any loose impediment may be lifted from putting- 
green, irrespective of position of player's ball. If 
player's ball, when on putting-green, move after any 
loose impediment within six inches of it has been touched 
by the player, his partner, or either of their caddies, a 
penalty of one stroke in both Match Play and Stroke 
Competition shall be incurred. 

115 — Match Play Rules shall apply to Stroke Competi- 
tions, 

when not at variance with Special Stroke Competition 
Rules. 

116 — Mole-hill or mole-track, method of removal. 

May be removed from fair green in any way which 
will not unnecessarily interfere with the surface of the 
green, but ball must not be moved in so doing. 

117 — Moving, breaking or bending fixed or growing ob- 
jects before striking at ball in play, 

not permitted, except so far as is necessary to enable 
player fairly to take his stance in addressing the ball, or 
in making his backward or forward swing. Penalt; : 
Match Play, loss of hole; Stroke Competition, two strokes. 

118 — Mud on ball on putting-green. 

See "Cleaning ball on putting-green" Rule. 

—75— 



A 



RULES CONDENSED AND SIMPLIFIED 



119 — New holes for Stroke Competitions. 

New holes should be made on the day on which Stroke 
Competitions begin. 

120 — Obstructions as follows may be removed without 
penalty. 

_ Any flag-stick, guide-flag, tool, wheelbarrow, vehicle or 
similar obstruction. A ball moved in removing such an 
obstruction shall be replaced without penalty. 

121 — Order of playing in best ball and four-ball matches, 
each side. 

Balls belonging to the same side may be played in the 
order the side deems best. 

122— Order of play in Threesome and Foursome. 

See "Threesome, order of play" Rule. 

123 — Partner not disqualified for hole in best ball or 
four-ball match when player is penalized with loss 
of same, 

according to Rules of Golf, except where stipulated in 
best ball and four-ball match rules. 

124 — Penalty of loss of hole qualified. 

When a player has holed out and his opponent has been 
left with a stroke for the half, nothing that the player 
who has holed out can do shall deprive him of the half 
which he has already gained. 

125 — Penalty for Breach of Rule in Match Play, when 
not stated, 

shall be loss of the hole. 

126 — Penalty in Stroke Competition is two strokes 

where in Match Play the penalty for Breach of the 
Rule is loss of hole, except when otherwise specified in 
Special Stroke Competition Rules. 

127— — Penalty waived by competitor. 

In Match Play Competitions (tournament play) a com- 
petitor shall not waive any penalty incurred by his op- 
ponent, under penalty of loss of the hole. 

128 — Play in Stroke Competition not to be discontinued 
account bad weather. 

Competitors shall not discontinue play nor delay to 
start on account of bad weather, or for any other reason 
whatever, except such as the Committee may deem satis- 
factory. Breach of Rule penalty, disqualification. 

129 — Playing Match Play and Stroke Competition simul- 
taneously. 

The Rules of Golf Committee of St. Andrews is of 
the opinion that it is hardly possible to plav Match and 

—76— 



RULES CONDENSED AND SIMPLIFIED 



Stroke Play at the same time in a satisfactory manner, 
or without infringing Rules. 

130 — Practice on day of Stroke Competition. 

On day of competition, before starting, no competitor 
shall play on, or onto, any of the putting-greens, nor 
shall he intentionally play at any hole of the stipulated 
round within his reach; penalty, disqualification. How- 
ever, when a competition extends over two or more days, 
and a competitor engages in practice before starting on 
second or following day thereof, he shall not be deemed 
to have infringed this Rule. 

131 — Practice swing or swings may be taken 

after ball is in plav more than a club length from the 
ball. 

132 — Priority on course. 

Singles, threesomes and foursomes (see definitions) 
shall be entitled to pass any other kind of a match. A 
single player shall always give way to a match of any 
kind. Any match playing a whole round shall be entitled 
to pass a match playing a shorter round. If a match 
fail to keep its place on the course, and lose in distance 
more than one clear hole on the players next preceding, 
it may be passed on request being made. Two players 
playing a single ball are treated as a single player. 

133 — Putts conceded. 

The Rules of Golf Committee of the United States Golf 
Association recommends that players in Match Play Com- 
petitions (tournament play) should not concede putts to 
their opponents. 

134 — Rules or Local Rules disregarded by agreement. 

Competitors in Match Play Competitions (tournament 
play) shall not agree to exclude the operation of any 
Rule or Local Rule, under penalty of disqualification. 

135 — Scores in Stroke Competition, how kept, certified 
and turned in. 

Score for each hole shall be kept by a marker, or by 
each competitor noting the other's score. Should more 
than one marker keep a score, each shall sign the part 
of the score for which he is responsible. Scores should 
be called out after each hole. On completion of stipulated 
round, card shall be signed by person who has marked 
it and competitor shall see that it is handed in as soon as 
reasonably possible. Breach of Rule penalty, disqualifi- 
cation. Scoring cards should be issued with date and 
player's name entered on card. A caddie cannot be con- 
sidered a "marker" unless under exceptional conditions 
Commitee so rules. 

—77— 



RULES CONDENSED AND SIMPLIFIED 



136 — Scores in Stroke Competitions, marking and addi- 
tion. 

Before card is handed in, competitor must be sure that 
score for each hole is correctly stated, as no alteration 
can be made on any card after it has been turned in. 
If it be found that a competitor has returned a score 
lower than that actually played, he shall be disqualified. 
For the correct addition of hole scores marked, the Com- 
mittee shall be responsible. 

137 — Standing out of bounds 

to play a ball lying within bounds is permissible — no 
penalty. 

138 — Starting order and times in Stroke Competition 

should be, whenever possible, determined by ballot; and 
competitors should start from first teeing-ground. as ar- 
ranged by the Committee, in the order and at the times 
set forth upon the starting list. Breach of Rule penalty 
disqualification. 

139 — Stroke Competition, style of play. 

Competitors shall play in couples, more than two com- 
petitors not being permitted to play together. If there 
be a single competitor from any cause, Committee shall 
either provide him with a player who shall mark for him, 
or select a marker for him and allow him to compete 
alone. 

140 — Stymie. 

In Match Play ball of opponent may be removed by 
player when either ball is on putting-green, regardless of 
whether a stymie exists; the opponent shall then be 
deemed to have holed out in his next stroke. As to balls 
lying on putting-green within six inches of each other, 
see Rule No. 78.. 

Author's Note : Press reports above Rule abrogated, 
and nlaving of stvmies (see Rules Definition 30) restored 
by U. S. G. A., April 5, 1922. 

Western Golf Association Rule, and Kansas City Golf 
Association Local Rule: when both balls are on putting- 
green, ball nearer the hole, upon request of, or if desired 
by either side, shall be lifted or played, at the option of 
its player. 

141 — Teeing a ball. 

See "Teeing" — Definition 32. 

142 — Threesome, order of play. 

Partners shall play alternately from teeing-grounds, 
and strike alternately during play of each hole. If a 
player play when his partner should have played, his 
side shall lose the hole. Penalty: Match Play, loss of 
hole; Stroke Competition, disqualification. A penalty 
stroke does not affect the rotation of play. 

—78— 



RULES CONDENSED AND SIMPLIFIED 



143 — Ties in Stroke Competition, how and when decided. 

Shall be decided by another round to be played on 
same day; but if the Committee for any reason ruie 
otherwise, it shall appoint a day and time for the play- 
off. Should an uneven number of competitors tie, their 
names shall be drawn by ballot and placed upon a list; 
they shall then play in couples and in the order in which 
their names appear. The single competitor shall either 
be provided with a marker by the Committee, or three 
competitors allowed to play together with their unani- 
mous consent. 

144 — Touching ground behind hole to indicate line of 
putt. 

See "Line of putt must not be touched" Rule. 

145 — Touching long grass, bushes, etc., in searching for 
ball. 

Only so much thereof may be touched by player as will 
enable him to find his ball. Breach of Rule penalty: 
Match Play and Stroke Competition, one stroke. 

146 — Water hazard "out of bounds. n 

A recognized water hazard cannot be "out of bounds." 

147 — Water or Casual water — if impossible to drop or 
place out, 

according to Rules covering "Ball in water hazard," 
"Ball in casual water in hazard," "Ball in casual water 
through the green," or "Ball in casual water on putting- 
green," player shall drop or place, as nearly as possible 
within the limits laid down in such rules, but not nearer 
the hole. Penalty for breach of Rule: Match Play, loss 
of hole; Stroke Competition, two strokes. 



—79— 



FOUR HUNDRED 
CgOLF TERMS DEFINED 

Addressing the Ball. — A player has "addressed the 
ball" when he has taken his stance and grounded his 
club, or, if in a hazard, when he has taken his stance 
preparatory to striking at the ball. 

Advice. — Any counsel or suggestion which could influ- 
ence a player in determining the line of play, in the 
choice of a club, or in the method of making a stroke. 

Alibi. — An excuse or reason, true or otherwise, of- 
fered in explanation of poor play, or to secure more 
advantageous handicap allowance. 

All Square. — When the number of holes won by each 
side is the same. 

Amateur. — An amateur golfer is one who, after at- 
taining the age of 16 years, has not (a) carried clubs for 
hire; (b) received any consideration, either directly or 
indirectly, for playing or for teaching the game, or for 
playing in a match or tournament; (c) played for a 
money prize in any competition. 

Approach.— The shot intended to reach the putting- 
green. 

Approaching and Putting Contest. — A contest in which 
each contestant is allowed a . certain number of balls to 
play — usually three. The balls are played to a designated 
green from a stipulated distance, and then putted into 
the hole. The contestant holing out in the least total 
number of strokes wins. 

Approach Iron. — An iron club resembling a cleek, but 
with a shorter shaft and more upright lie. 

Away. — Referring to the ball in play farthest from 
the hole. 

Backspin. — Backward rotation of the ball, causing it 
to stop "dead," or practically so, upon striking the 
ground. It is imparted by striking the ball below the 
center. 

Baffy. — A wooden club with considerable loft, similar 
to a spoon. 

Bag Rack. — A rack placed near the teeing-ground 
against which to rest bags of clubs. Also the large 
rack in the locker room to hold bags. 

—80— 



400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 

Ball Buzzing. — Refers to a caddie hunting balls on 
the course when not caddying, generally without the per- 
mission of his Caddie Executive or Caddie Master. 

Ball Deemed to Move. — A ball is deemed to "move" if 
: it leave its original position in the least degree; but it 
is not considered to "move" if it merely oscillate and 
come to rest in its original position. 

Ball Dropped. — When a player, in compliance with 
the Rules, faces the hole, stands erect, and drops a ball 
behind him over his shoulder, a ball is "dropped." 

Ball in Play. — A ball is "in play" as soon as the player 
has made a stroke at a teeing-ground, and it remains in 
play until holed out, except when lifted in accordance 
with the Rules. 

Ball Out of Bounds. — A ball is "out of bounds" when 
the greater part of it lies within a prohibited area. 

Ball Rack. — The stand containing an inclined trough 
in which balls are deposited by players to indicate the 
* order of play. 

Ball Renewer. — A white liquid compound used to re- 
paint used balls. 

Bent. — Stiff, wiry, reedlike grass. 

Best Ball Match. — When one player plays his ball 
against the best ball of two or more other players. 

Best Hole Score Tournament. — A contest in which 
each contestant turns in his best score for each hole, 
over a stipulated period of time, the winner being the 
one having the lowest total. 

Birdie. — (1) When the score for a hole is one under 
par. (2) When a player has the lowest score for a hole 
when competing against two or more players, he is said 
to have won a "birdie." 

Bisques. — Handicap strokes which the receiver may 
take at any hole or holes in match play, and he need 
not announce his choice of hole or holes until after same 
have been played. 

Blind Bogey Contest. — In a blind bogey contest bogey 
for 18 holes is chosen by a disinterested person and is 
kept secret from the contestants until all cards are in. 
The player is told that the bogey selected will fall be- 
tween certain numbers, as between 90 and 100. He must 
declare before he starts what handicap he desires added 
or deducted from his score. He arrives at his handicap 
in the following manner: he guesses what the blind 
bogey is, and what his score will be, and his handicap 
will be the difference between these two numbers. Said 

—81— 



400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 



handicap will be added to or deducted from his actual 
score, depending upon whether he guesses his score will 
be less than or more than said bogey. The player whose 
net score is nearest the arbitrary bogey is the winner. 

Blind Hole. — A hole where the putting-green cannot 
be seen from the fairway where a player would ordi- 
narily play the approach shot. 

Blind Hole Contest. — In a blind hole contest certain 
holes are selected by a disinterested person and kept 
secret until all cards are in. The contestant making the 
best medal score on the selected holes is the winner. 

Blind Shot. — A shot where the objective point cannot 
be seen by the player. 

Bobbie Iron. — An iron club, not a standard club, re- 
sembling a mid-iron with a convex sole. 

Bogey. — An arbitrarily fixed score for each hole of a 
golf course, so called because assumed to be the score 
of a mythical first-rate player called Colonel Bogey. It 
is intended to represent the score that should be made 
by a good player. 

Bogey Competition. — Stroke Competition against the 
fixed bogey for each hole. See "Bogey Competitions — 
How Played" Rule. 

Bolt. — A rapid, straight putt into the hole, such that, 
had the ball not gone in, it would have gone some dis- 
tance beyond. 

Bone. — A piece of bone, fibre or other similar sub- 
stance inserted in the sole of a wooden club to protect 
the lower edge of the face and sole. 

Borrow. — The allowance made for the slope when 
putting on a slanting green. Also the allowance made 
for a hook or slice, for the effect of the wind or slope 
of the ground. 

Brackets. — The two sections, or groups of players, in 
a flight of a golf tournament; as the upper and lower 
bracket in the Championship Flight. 

Bramble Marking. — The small round protuberances on 
the surface of a golf ball. 

Brassie. — A wooden club with slightly more loft than 
a driver, for playing long shots off the grass. Its sole 
is protected by a brass plate. 

Brassie Cleek. — A wooden club, similar to a spoon, but 
with a smaller head and flatter sole. 

—82— 



ft - 

400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 
Brassie Spoon. — See "Spoon." 

Breaks. — (1) Refers to one's luck in the game, as: 
'The breaks are all against me today." (2) The bound 
or kick of the ball on alighting. (3) Refers to one's 
score, as: "I expect to break into the seventies some 
day." 

Bulger-Face Club. — A club with a slightly convex face. 

Bunker. — A depression in the ground where the nat- 
ural soil is exposed, and sometimes top dressed with 
softer soil or sand. 

Bye. — (1) When a player gives his opponent a "bye" 
it is equivalent to defaulting the match to him. (2) 
When a player draws a "bye" in a tournament it means 
that he lacks an opponent with whom to play that round, 
and therefor does not have to play it. 

Bye Holes. — The holes remaining unplayed after a 
side has become more holes up than remain for play. 

Caddie. — A person who carries the golfer's clubs while 
playing. 

Caddie Executive. — The club member appointed by 
the club management to have complete control of all 
matters pertaining to caddies. See page 7. 

Caddie Master. — An employee of the club who is di- 
rectly in charge of the caddies. 

Calkins System. — The handicapping system recom- 
mended by the U. S. G. A. It is based upon par for the 
course and the player's average best game as indicated 
by his three best scores for the season. 

Calks. — Metal studs or spikes, generally having one 
end threaded, which may be screwed into the soles of 
golf shoes. 

Carry. — The distance from the place where the ball 
is struck to the place where it alights. 

Casual Water. — Any temporary accumulation of 
water (whether caused by rainfall, flooding, or other- 
wise) which is not one of the ordinary and recognized 
hazards of the course. 

Certified Score. — One that has been signed by an op- 
ponent or competitor guaranteeing that the score is cor- 
rect and was made in accordance with the Rules of Golf. 

Championship Course. — (1) A course selected by an 
association of clubs for the playing of one of its cham- 
pionship tournaments. (2) The yardage of a course 
measured from the back tees of each hole. 

—83— 



400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 



Championship Flight. — A flight of a golf tournament 
comprising the players who had the lowest scores in the 
qualifying round, usually thirty-two players. 

Chip Shot. — A short approach shot to the green played 
somewhat like a push shot. 

Chocolate Drops. — Conical mounds of earth constructed 
to make play more difficult and interesting, often erro- 
neously called bunkers. 

Chop Shot. — A shot made by cutting into the ground 
behind or under the ball, with little or no follow through. 

Circular Swing. — A swing in which the club head in 
the back-swing leaves the line of flight the instant it 
leaves the ball, and curves toward the player. 

Classes. — The classifications of the competitors in a 
golf tournament (according to the qualifying scores) , 
other than the Championship Flight and the Champion- 
ship Consolation Flight; as Class A, Class B, Class C. 
Each class usually consists of sixteen players. 

Clean. — Refers to striking the ball without touching 
the ground with the club head. 

Cleek. — The iron club of longest range. It has a rather 
shallow face and not much loft. 

Closed Stance. — A stance in which the right foot is 
placed back of the square stance line. 

Club. — Any recognized instrument with which the ball 
may be struck. 

Colonel. — (1) Refers to Colonel Bogey, a mythical 
golfer; or, sometimes Bogey for the course. (2) A ball 
so named. 

Competitor. — A player in Stroke Competition. 

Consolation Flight. — The losing players in the first 
round matches of a tournament who continue play. 

Control. — The ability to play with consistent accuracy. 

Cop. — A mound of earth adjacent to a bunker. 

Course. — Officially, the whole area within which play 
is permitted. Sometimes used inaccurately to refer to 
the fairways only. 

Cross Hazard. — A hazard lying across a fairway. 

Cross Wind. — A wind that blows across the line of 
flight of the ball. 

Cumulative Birdies. — A betting arrangement wherein 
a player winning a "birdie" at a hole is entitled to col- 
lect for "birdies" upon all holes next previously played 
at which no "birdies" were won. 



400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 



Cup. — (1) The hole in the putting-green. (2) A small 
hole in the course, sometimes made by the stroke of a 
player. 

Cuppy Lie. — A lie wherein the ball is resting in a small 
degression in the ground. 

Curly Putt. — A curved putt. 

Dead. — When the ball lies so near the hole that the 
putt is a reasonable certainty, it is "dead." When the 
ball does not roll after alighting, it is said to fall "dead." 

Dead Stop. — A pitched ball that stops immediately 
upon striking the ground. 

Default. — A player is said to win by "default" when 
his opponent fails to appear for the match or concedes 
the match. 

Digging. — Taking turf behind the ball with the club 
head. 

Dimple Marking. — The round indentations on a golf 
ball. 

Direction Flag. — A flag which is placed on a fairway 
as a guide to the players. 

Discs. — Marks used on the teeing-grounds. 

Distance Markers. — The white posts placed beside fair- 
ways to indicate the length of drives. There are usually 
two in number, marked 150 and 200 yards, respectively. 

Distance Penalty. — When a shot must be replayed, the 
counting of the last stroke played, with no penalty stroke 
added. 

Divot, — A piece of turf cut out in the act of playing 
a stroke. 

"Dog Eat Dog." — Match play among three or more 
players, each player being the opponent of every other 
player. 

Dog-leg Hole. — A hole having a fairway with a decided 
bend. 

Dollar-Dollar-Dollar. — A wager of a dollar on the out- 
come of each nine, and a dollar on the entire round. 

Dormie. — A side is said to be "dormie" when it is as 
many holes up as there are holes remaining to be played. 

Double Eagle. — A score of three strokes under par 
for a hole. 

Down. — A side is said to be "down" when its opponent 
has the advantage by one or more holes. 



400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 



Down Hill Lie. — A lie where a ball is on a hillside 
sloping downward toward the putting-green. 

Drag. — Backspin imparted to a putt. 

Draw. — (1) A shot played widely to the left, re- 
sembling a hook. (2) Refers to the drawings of a tour- 
nament. 

Drawings. — The pairing of players for the first round 
of each flight or class in a tournament. 

Dribble. — Refers to rolling a putt to the hole very 
cautiously, especially on a sloping green. 

Drive. — An attempted long shot from the tee, usually 
played with a driver. 

Driver. — The longest range club used in the game. 
The head is made of wood, and the face has very little 
loft. 

Driving Cleek. — See "Cleek." 

Driving Contest. — A contest in which each contestant 
usually drives three balls. The combined distance of 
the balls that come to rest within the prescribed side 
boundaries is credited to each contestant. Prizes are 
usually given for the longest drive, and for the longest 
average of drives credited. 

Driving Iron. — An iron club resembling a cleek, but 
with a deeper face. 

Driving Mashie. — An iron club with a rather deep 
face and a loft somewhat less than a mid-iron. 

Drop. — When the Rules require that a ball shall be 
"dropped," the player shall face the hole, stand erect 
and drop a ball over his shoulder. 

Ducking. — The very sudden dropping of a badly topped 
ball. 

Dub. — (1) A golf player of much less than average 
ability. (2) To play poorly. 

Duff. — To destroy the effectiveness of a stroke by 
hitting the ground behind the ball in such manner as to 
cause it to travel but a short distance. From this term 
the word "duffer" is derived. 

Duffer. — A very poor golf player. 

Eagle. — A score of two strokes under par for a hole. 

Elbow Hole. — A hole the fairway of which has a de- 
cided bend. 

Elimination Round. — The medal play round of a tour- 
nament that determines which players shall be eligible to 
play in the qualifying round. The qualifying round is 
sometimes called the elimination round. 

—86— 



400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 



Etiquette. — The courtesies to be observed in playing 
*olf, particularly as promulgated by the United States 
IGolf Association. 

Face. — The part of the club head which strikes the 
ball. 

Fair Green. — The short cut grass between the tee and 
the putting-green, exclusive of hazards. 

Fairway. — See "Fair Green." 

Fan. — To altogether miss a ball in a swing made with 
intent to strike it. 

Fast Green. — A putting-green with a surface in such 
condition as to cause the ball to roll very easily. 

Feathery. — A golf ball used for more than a century 
prior to the year 1848, made of hard pressed feathers 
►and with a leather covering. It was a little larger than 
the modern ball. 

$ Fibre. — The tough material often inserted in the face 
of a wooden club for protective purposes. 

Final. — The last round of a flight or class in a tour- 
nament. 

Finalists. — The last two players in the final round of 
a flight or class in a tournament. 

Finish. — The end of the stroke. 

Fivesome. — A match comprising five players, each 
playing his own ball, not ordinarily permitted on the 
course; is without standing and is not recognized by the 
Rules of Golf. 

Flag. — (1) The rod or stick to which is usually at- 
tached a. pennant to indicate the location of the hole, 
i (2) When the caddie takes his position at the pin he is 
said to "flag" the hole. 

Flag-Stick (or Staff).— See "Flag" (1). 

Flag Tournament. — Medal play with handicap in 
which each player plays a number of strokes equal to 
par or bogey of the course plus his handicap, the dis- 
tance traversed by the player in such number of strokes 
being indicated or marked by planting his flag. The 
player who advances his flag the farthest is the winner. 

Flat Lie. — That which a club has when the angle 
formed by the sole and the shaft is very obtuse. 

Flat Swing. — A swing in which the club head at the 
start of the stroke is brought back for a considerable 
distance approximately parallel with the ground, and the 
hands and the club head at the top of the swing are kept 
comparatively low. 

—87— 



400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 



Flight. — (1) The movement of the ball through the 
air. (2) A group of players in a tournament, usually 
sixteen or thirty-two, matched in pairs, playing in the 
Championship or Championship Consolation division. 

Floater. — A ball light enough to float. 

Flub. — A shot that is practically a complete failure. 

Fluke. — A shot the result of which is more due to luck 
than skill. 

Fog. — (1) A second or rank growth of grass. (2) 
Dead or decaying grass. (3) Moss. 

Following Wind. — A wind that is blowing in the same 
direction as the flight of the ball. 

Follow Through. — The act of the club head, in making 
a stroke, following out after the ball in its path after 
moment of contact. 

Foot-work. — The part the feet play in the execution^ 
of the golf swing. 

Foozle. — A very badly missed or bungled shot. 

Fore. — A cry which is given as a warning to a person 
liable to be struck by a ball. 

Forecaddie. — A caddie who is sent ahead to watch the 
ball. 

Four Ball Match. — When two players play their better 
ball against the better ball of two other players. 

Foursome. — Two players playing against two other 
players, each side playing one ball. In the United States 
such a match is usually called a Scotch foursome, or 
a two-ball foursome. Likewise, in the United States, 
any match in which four balls are played is inaccurately * 
referred to as a foursome. 

Full Shot. — A shot played with a full swing. 

Gallery. — The spectators who witness a golf match. 

Goat Contest. — A contest extending over a consider- 
able fixed period, at the beginning of which each contest- ~ 
ant purchases from the Committee a metal check with 
the figure of a goat stamped thereon. The contestants 
challenge each other for match play rounds, with handi- 
cap, for each other's goats. The contestant accumulating 
the greatest number of goats by the end of the specified 
period is the winner of the Committee's prize. 

Golf Committee. — A club committee, the duties of 
which are different in various clubs, but generally in- 
clude the supervision of the course and play thereon. 



—88— 



400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 



Goose Neck. — A crook or offset in the neck of the 
club head. 

Go Through. — To pass other players on the course. 

Grass Trap. — An artificial depression in the ground 
having a sodded or grass bottom. Not a hazard. 

Green. — (1) The ground around the different holes, 
within 20 yards of such holes, excepting hazards, offi- 
cially termed the "putting-green." (2) The entire course 
— obsolescent. 

Green Committee. — A club committee generally hav- 
ing jurisdiction over the course, its construction and up- 
keep. 

Green Keeper. — The employee who is directly respon- 
sible for the care and upkeep of the course. 

Grief. — Hard luck and bad breaks of the game. 

Grill Room. — The players' dining room in the club 
Jiouse. 

Grip. — (1) The manner in which a club is held. (2) 
The leather or other covering for the handle of a club. 

Gross Score. — The total number of strokes taken by 
a player in a handicap event. Low Gross Score is the 
lowest score, without handicap, made by a player in com- 
petition. 

Ground Rules. — See "Local Rules." 

Grounding a Club. — Placing the sole of a club on the 
ground. 

Grounds and Greens Committee. — The title often given 
to the club committee having charge of the construction 
and maintenance of the course, officially termed "Green 
Committee" by the U. S. G. A. 

Guide Flag. — A flag placed in the fairway to indicate 
the proper direction to play. 

Gusset. — A leather grip having a rough, unfinished 
surface. 

Gutta-Percha Ball. — A hard rubber golf ball used from 
about the year 1848 until the invention of the present 
rubber-cored ball in 1898. Commonly referred to as a 
"gutty." 

Half. — The same score on a hole for each side. 

Half-One. — A handicap of a stroke allowed on every 
second hole. 

Half Shot. — A shot executed with half of a full swing. 
—89— 



400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 



Halved. — -A hole is said to be "halved" when each side 
has holed out in the same number of strokes. A "halved" 
match is a drawn game. 

Handicap. — The stroke allowance which a player re- 
ceives either in Match or Medal play. 

Handicap and Tournament Committee. — A club com- 
mittee which has charge of the handicapping of players 
and tournament events. 

Handicap Holes. — The holes at which a player is al- 
lowed strokes in Match Play. Handicap holes are indi- 
cated, usually in red figures, on the club score cards. 

Hanging Lie. — A lie where the ball is on a slope which 
inclines toward the line of play. 

Hazard. — Any bunker, water (except casual water), 
ditch (unless excepted by Local Rule), bush, sand, path 
or road. 

Head. — That part of the club with which the ball should^ 
be struck. 

Head Wind. — A wind that is blowing directly against 
the flight of the ball. 

Heather. — A small shrub commonly growing on the 
heaths or moors of the British Isles. 

Heavy Green. — -A putting-green with a surface in such 
condition as to cause the ball to roll slowly. 

Heel.— (1) That part of the bottom of the head of the 
club nearest the neck. (2) To strike the ball with the 
heel of the club. 

Hog Back. — Ordinarily refers to a ridge extending 
down the center of a fairway. 

Hole. — (1) The four-and-a-quarter-inch hole lined 
with metal in the putting-green. (2) The act of playing 
the ball into the hole. (3) The whole space between and 
including any tee and its companion green. 

Hole High. — When the ball is played to a point that 
is even with, or slightly beyond the hole. 

Hole Out. — The act of playing the ball into the hole. 

Hole Play.— See "Match Play." 

Home. — (1) The putting-green of the hole being 
played. (2) The second nine holes played. (3) The 
eighteenth green. 

Honor. — The right to play off first from a tee. 

Hook. — A shot where the ball curves to the left, if 
played by a right handed player; or curves to the right, 
if played by a left handed player. 

—90— 



400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 

Hookspin. — Rotation of the ball to the left when a 
hook is played. 

Horn. — A piece of horn, or similar substance, inserted 
in the sole of a club to protect the lower edge of the 
face. 

Husband and Wife Tournament. — A tournament con- 
sisting of married couples, generally arranged in four- 
somes. 

In. — Play of the second half of an eighteen hole 
round. Illustration: "He came 'in' with a 37. " 

In Play. — A ball is "in play" as soon as the player has 
made a stroke at a teeing-ground, and it remains in play 
until holed out, except when lifted in accordance with 
the Rules. 

Interlocking Grip. — A grip in which the little finger 
of the right hand is inserted between the first and sec- 
ond fingers of the left hand. 

Invitation Tournament. — A tournament other than 
one held to determine a regular, established champion- 
ship, generally open to all players; or it may be limited 
to either amateurs or professionals. 

Iron. — (1) A club with an iron head. (2) An iron 
club with a little less loft than a mid-iron. 

Iron Contest. — A contest in which only one or more 
iron clubs may be used. 

Jigger. — A club resembling a cleek, but with shorter 
shaft and more loft. 

Kick. — The nature of the bound of a played ball when 
it strikes the ground. 

Ko P .— See "Cop." 

Lay-Up. — The ball lying very close to the hole after 
an approach shot. 

Lie. — (1) The angle formed by the sole of a club 
head and the shaft. (2) The situation of a ball with 
reference to its being easy or difficult to play. (3) 
The number of strokes a player has had on a hole; as, 
"I lie four." 

Lift. — Removing a ball from its lie, when in play, in 
accordance with the Rules. 

Like, The. — The stroke which makes a player's score 
equal to his opponent's score when playing a hole. 

Like As We Lie. — When each side has played the same 
number of strokes. 

Line. — The direction which one desires the ball to take 
when played. 

—91— 



400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 



Line of Putt.— The line over which the player intends 
to putt the ball to the hole. 

Links. — A golf course, usually nine or eighteen holes. 

Lip of the Cup. — The rim of the hole. 

Local Rules. — Special rules adopted by a club to gov- 
ern play upon its course, which are usually printed upon 
the reverse side of its score cards. 

Loft. — (1) The extent to which the face of a club head 
is laid back from the vertical. (2) To cause the ball to 
rise abruply. 

Lofter. — A lofting iron with a great deal of loft. , 

Lonesome. — A golfer playing alone. 

Long. — The long cut or uncut grass adjacent to the 
fairways — not a hazard. 

Long Course. — Whei;e some, or all of the holes of a 
course have two or more tees arranged one in front of 
the other, the distances from the back tees constitute 
the Long Course. 

Long Game. — Play with the long range clubs for the 
greater distances. 

Loose Impediments. — Any obstructions not fixed or 
growing, including dung, worm-casts, mole-hills, snow, 
ice, loose stones, live worms and sand boxes. 

Lost Ball. — A ball is "lost" if it be not found within 
five minutes after the search for it has begun. 

Mark The Ball. — (1) To indicate with some small ob- 
ject the position of the ball when lifted. (2) To locate 
the position of the ball at a distance by its proximity to 
some object. (3) To stamp the ball with its owner's 
name or initials. 

Marker. — The official selected to keep the scores of 
players. 

Marks (or Markers). — Two large, white balls, or discs, 
placed upon the tee in a line at a right angle to the line 
of play to indicate the front line of the teeing-ground. 

Mashie. — An iron club with more loft and shorter shaft 
than a mid-iron, and usually with a deeper face. 

Mashie-Iron. — An iron club, resembling a deep-faced 
mashie, with a loft generally intermediate between a 
mashie and a mid-iron. 



—92— 



400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 

Mashie-Niblick. — An iron club with a loft intermediate 
between a mashie and a niblick. 

Match. — (1) A game of golf. (2) The players con- 
stituting the game. (3) A series or set of games played 
between one club team and another. 

Match Play. — Play in which the number of holes won 
determines the winner. 

Medal Play. — Play in which the total number of strokes 
taken in a round or rounds determines the winner. 

Medalist. — Lowest score player in the qualifying round 
of a tournament. 

Medium Lie. — The lie of a club midway between a 
flat lie and an upright lie. 

Mental Hazard. — A purely imaginary impediment to 
one's play, or an actual hazard greatly exaggerated in 
* one's mind. 

Meshed Marking. — Small square indentations on the 
surface of a golf ball. 

Mid-Iron. — An iron club of medium loft, its shaft be- 
ing of medium length and its lie slightly more upright 
than that of a cleek. 

Mid-Mashie. — An iron club in loft midway between a 
mid-iron and a mashie. 

Minus Player. — A player who receives strokes from a 
scratch player or from a plus player in a handicap 
match. 

Mixed Foursome. — A foursome composed of a lady 
and a gentleman on each side. 

Mongrel Club. — A club without classification, with a 
loft usually intermediate between two standard clubs. 

Nassau. — Best score out; best score in; best score of 
the match, a total of three points. 

Neck. — That part of the club immediately next to the 
club head proper. 

Net Score. — Gross score less handicap. 

Niblick. — A heavy, deep-faced iron club, with more 
loft than any other club. 

"Nineteenth-Hole. " — The gentlemen's grill room in the 
club house. 

—93— 



400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 



Nose. — The part of the club head farthest from the 
shaft; sometimes called the "toe." 

Odd, The. — When a player has played one stroke more 
than his opponent, he is said to have played "the odd." 

One Club Contest. — A contest in which each contest- 
ant must play every shot with one selected, or specified, 
club. 

Open Stance. — A stance in which the left foot is 

drawn back from the square stance line. 

Open Tournament. — A tournament open to both pro- 
fessionals and amateurs. 

Opponent. — The player opposed to one in match play. 

Out. — Play of the first half of an eighteen hole round. 

Out of Bounds. — All ground on which play is pro- 
hibited. 

Out of Bounds roosts. — Posts to indicate the boundaries 

of the course. 

Over. — When a player has approached his ball beyond 

the hole he is said to be "over." 

Overlapping Grip. — A grip in which the little finger 
of the right hand is placed upon the index finger of the 
left hand. 

Overspin. — Forward rotation of the ball. 

Over swing. — A swing in which the club head is brought 
back farther than what is generally regarded as proper 
form. 

Pairings. — The result of the drawings (by the Tour- 
nament Committee) of the players who shall compete in 
the first round of each flight or class of a Match Play 
tournament. 

Palm Grip. — A grip in which the shaft is held in the 

palms of the hands. 

Par. — Well nigh perfect golf, without flukes and un- 
der ordinary weather conditions, always allowing two 
strokes on each putting-green. 

Par (How Computed). — Holes up to 250 yards in- 
clusive, par is 3; holes 251 yards to 445 yards inclusive, 
par is 4; holes 446 yards to 600 yards inclusive, par is 
5; holes 601 yards and upwards, par is 6, topography, 
hazards, and other difficulties also being taken into con- 
sideration. U. S. G. A. 

—94— 



400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 



Pater et Filius Tournament. — A tournament in which 
each side comprises a father and his son. 

Penalty Stroke. — A stroke added to the score of a side 
under certain rules. It does not affect rotation of play. 

Pin. — The rod which supports the flag, showing where 
the hole is. 

Pit. — An unofficial term referring to a bunker. 

Pitch. — To cause the ball to rise quite abruptly. 

Pitch and Run. — A shot so played as to cause the ball 
! 'to rise rather abruptly and run a considerable distance 
after striking the ground. 

Pitcher. — A special iron club with a loft similar to a 
mashie-niblick, and generally with a convex sole. 

Pitch Hole. — One that can be reached in one shot from 
*the tee with a club of considerable loft. 

Pitch Shot. — A shot so played that the ball rises rather 
abruptly and has but little, if any, run after striking the 
ground. 

Pivoting. — The body twist or turning movement of the 
hips during the swing of the club. 

Place a Ball. — Placing a ball on the ground with the 
hand for play under certain conditions, in accordance 
with the Rules, as distinguished from "dropping" a ball. 

Plateau Green. — An elevated putting-green. 

Play Off. — The play of the extra or deciding hole or 
holes when the match is tied. 

Play Short. — To play a ball so that it does not quite 
reach a point in mind. 

Plus Player. — A player who gives strokes to a scratch 
player or to a minus player in a handicap match. 

Practise Swing. — A preparatory swing or stroke which 
■ may be taken more than a club length from a ball in 
play without it counting as a stroke. 

Preferred Lie. — Refers to the ball teed up at the re- 
quest of the club management in order to preserve the 
turf. 

Pressing. — Striking the ball with such force and in 
such a manner as to render the control of the shot diffi- 
cult. 

Priority on the Course. — See Rule 132. 

Pro. — A short term for Professional. 

—95— 



400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 



Professional.- — See Rules Definition 24. 

Provisional Ball. — See Rules Definition 25. 

Pull. — A ball that flies practically straight, but to the 
left of the intended line of flight. A pull is often er- 
roneously called a hook. 

Pushed Out Ball. — A ball that flies practically straight, 
but to the right of the intended line of flight. 

Push Shot. — A low, forcing shot, with a great deal of 
backspin. The hands are in front of the club head 
throughout the entire swing. The club head strikes the 
ball before it has reached the lowest point of the swing. 

Putt. — A rolling shot on the putting-green, usually 
played with a putter. 

Putter. — (1) A short club with little or no loft, for use 
on the putting-green. (2) One who putts. 

Putting Cleek. — An iron club which resembles a cleek, 
but which has a shorter shaft and less loft. It is used 
for putting and for 9 short run-up approaches to the 
green. 

Putting Clock or Course. — A series of putting holes on 
one expanse of grass, apart from the regular course. 
Usually there are nine or more holes at varying distances 
from each other, arranged in a circuit and designated by 
metal flags bearing numbers. 

Putting-Green. — All ground, except hazards, within 
twenty yards of the hole, not merely the putting-sward, 
or shortest cut grass, about the hole. 

Putting-Sward. — A term sometimes used, and now pro- 
posed for official adoption, to describe the shortest cut 
grass about a hole, in contradistinction to the putting- 
green as officially defined. 

Qualifying Round. — The medal play round of a tour- 
nament that determines which players are eligible to 
continue play in the tournament. 

R. and A. — An abbreviation of the Royal and Ancient 
Golf Club of St. Andrews, Scotland. 

Recall.- — The right to require a player to replay a 
stroke when he has played out of turn. 

Recessed Marking. — The concave indentations upon 
the surface of a ball. 

Recovery. — Good play following bad play, which over- 
comes, or nearly overcomes, the loss occasioned by the 
latter. 

—96— 



4UU GOLF TERMS DEFINED 



Referee. — A tournament official whose duty it is to 
decide questions of golfing law. 

Ribbed Face. — A club head face having corrugations, 
or deep grooves. Since July 1st, 1921, not permitted in 
play in the British Isles. 

Rim The Cup. — When the ball reaches the hole and 
rolls around the rim of the cup, but does not go in. 

Rind. — A strip of cloth, or other wrapping, underneath 
the grip of the shaft. 

! , Ringer Score Contest. — A contest in which each con- 
testant turns in his best score for each hole, over a stip- 
ulated period of time, the winner being the one having 
the lowest total. 

Rough. — The long grass, or rough ground, bordering 
the fairways. 
• >% 

Round. — Play of all of the holes of a course. 

Round Robin Tournament. — After a qualifying round, 
those qualifying are divided into groups of eight. Each 
player plays every other player of his group, the winner 
being the one winning the most matches. The event can 
be continued still further by having the winner of each 
group play the winners of the other groups. 

Rub Of The Green. — (1) In Match Play if a ball in 
motion be stopped or deflected by any agency outside 
the match, or by a forecaddie. (2) In Stroke Competi- 
tion, if a competitor's ball strike or be stopped by an- 
other competitor, or his clubs, or his caddie. 

Rubber Tee. — A section of a rubber cylinder, gener- 
ally with a weight attached, used to elevate the ball from 
the ground in playing. 

Run. — The roll of a ball after striking the ground. 

Runner-Up. — The losing finalist in each class or flight 
of a tournament. 

Run-Up Shot. — A shot that has very little carry, but 
a long run, the opposite of a pitch shot. 

Sammy. — A sort of specially lofted cleek. 

Sand Green. — A putting surface of packed or rolled 
sand, usually oiled. 

Sand Pit (or Trap). — A bunker in which the exposed 
surface of the natural soil is top dressed with sand. 



—97— 



400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 



Schenectady Putter. — A putter with a large head, gen- 
erally aluminum, with an upright lie, and the shaft in- 
serted in the head just a little to one side of its center. 
Not lawful in the British Isles. 

Sclaff. — To scrape the surface of the ground with the 
sole of the club before striking the ball. 

Scorer. — One appointed by the Tournament Commit- 
tee to follow the play of one or two competitors or op-, 
ponents and to keep the score or scores. 

Scotch Foursome. — A match in which two players play 
against two other players, each side playing one ball. 

Scratch Player. — One who gives strokes to a minus t 
player or receives strokes from a plus player in a han-* 
dicap match. 

Scruff. — To slightly raze the grass in striking a ball. 

Selective Hole Contest. — Match play against the fixed 
bogey, or par, for certain holes selected by a disinter- 
ested person before the contest and kept secret from, 
the contestants until cards are turned in. 

Semi-Finals. — Next to the last round of a flight or 

class in a tournament. 

Semi-Finalists. — The four players in the semi-finals 

round of a flight or class in a tournament. 

Set. — A player's equipment of clubs. 
Shaft. — The handle of the club. 

Shag. — To recover balls for a player who is practicing. 

Shank. — That part of the club head containing the 

socket. 

Short. — When the ball does not reach the point desired. 

Short Course. — Where some or all of the holes of a. 
course have two or more tees placed at different dis- 
tances from the putting-green, the distances from the 
front tees constitute the short course. 

Short Game. — Approaching and putting. 
Side. — A "side" consists either of one player, or of 
two players — if not opposed to each other — in a match. « 

Side Hazard. — A hazard placed on either side of a 
fairway for the purpose of catching a player's poor shots. 

Side-Hill Lie. — A lie where the ball is on a hillside, 

above or below the feet of the player as he addresses 
the ball, and the line of play is but little, if any, up or 
down the slope of the hill. 

Single. — If one player plays against another, the match 
is called "a single." (In the United States it is usually 
called a twosome.) 

—98— 



400 GOLE TERMS DEFINED 



Sink. — To hole a putt. 

Sinker. — A ball that will not float. 

Skooter. — A special wooden club resembling a brassie 
cleek. 

Sky Iron. — A special iron club, similar to a jigger, but 
with less loft. 

Slice. — A shot where the ball curves to the right, if 
played by a right handed player; or curves to the left, 
if played by a left handed player. 

Slicespin. — The rotation of the ball to the right when 
a slice is played. 

Slow Back. — The execution of the up-swing in a slo\v 
and careful manner. 

Slow Green. — A putting-green that is soft, wet, rough, 
"* or with long grass, making the roll of the ball slow. 

Smothered. — When the ball is struck with the face of 
the club head inclined forward so much that its loft is 
ineffective and the ball thus prevented from rising nor- 
mally. 

Socket. — That portion of the club head into which the 
shaft is inserted. 

Socketing. — Striking the ball with the shank or neck 
of the club. 

Sole. — (1) The lower surface of the club head. (2) 
Placing the lower surface of the club head upon the 
i ground, as in addressing the ball, officially termed 
"grounding" the club. 

Spade Mashie. — A special iron club resembling a 
mashie with a short, deep-faced head, generally ribbed. 

Spared Shot. — A shot played with less force than was 
intended. 

Speed Contest. — A contest in which the contestant 
who holes out a stipulated number of balls upon a cer- 
tain hole in the shortest time is the winner. 

Spoon. — A wooden headed club with more loft than a 
brassie and usually with a convex sole. 

Sports Committee. — A club committee having juris- 
diction over the various sporting activities of the club. 

—99— 



400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 



Spot the Ball. — To mark or locate the position of a 
ball by its proximity to some object. 

Spring. — The whip, or suppleness, of a club shaft. 

Square. — When each side has won the same number 
of holes. 

Square Stance. — A stance in which the player stands 
so that a line drawn across his toes is parallel, or nearly 
so, to the intended line of flight of the ball. 

Squeeze Shot. — See "Push Shot." 

Stab Shot. — A shot played with a short swing, with 
little or no follow through, the club head cutting into 
the ground just behind or under the ball. 

Stance. — The position of the player's feet in relation 
to the ball and line of flight — see "Closed Stance," 
"Open Stance" and "Square Stance." 

Standard Ball. — Refers to the officially stipulated 
weight (not over 1.62 ounces, avoirdupois) and size (not 
less than 1.62 inches in diameter) of balls, such ruling 
effective May 1st, 1921. 

Starter. — The official whose duty it is to pass the of- 
ficial score cards to the contestants in a tournament, 
and enforce the starting order. 

"Steal. " — To hole an approach or an unlikely putt. 

Sticks. — An unofficial term referring to clubs. 

Stopspin. — Backward rotation of a ball, causing it to 
stop "dead," or practically so, upon striking the ground. 

Straddling. — Standing with the feet so far apart that 
a proper swing is made very difficult. 

Straight-Back Swing. — A swing which is started by 
bringing the club head back for a considerable distance 
in the line of flight extended back of the ball. 

Stroke. — The forward movement of the club made 
with the intention of striking the ball, or any contact 
between the head of the club and the ball resulting in 
movement of the ball, except in case of a ball accidentally 
knocked off a tee when not in play. 

Stroke and Distance Penalty. — When a shot must be 
replayed, count last stroke played and add a penalty 
stroke. 



400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 



Stroke Competition. — Play in which the competitor 
who holes the stipulated round, or rounds, in the fewest 
Strokes is the winner. 

Stroke Holes. — The holes at which, in a handicap 
match, a stroke is given. 

Stroke Play. — See "Stroke Competition." 

Stymie. — (1) A stymie is laid when both balls are on 
the putting-green and the opponent's ball lies in any po- 
sition which the player regards as interfering with his 
putt to the hole, provided the balls be not within six 
inches of each ether, distance to be measured between 
nearest points. (2) When an object, such as a tree, 
is near the ball and in the line of play, a player is said 
to be "stymied." 

Swatfest. — A match play contest among a stipulated 
number of players, generally grouped according to han- 
dicap board showing, or a qualifying round, the player in 
each group having the highest score at each hole drop- 
ping out until all but one player are eliminated. If, at 
any hole, two or more players are tied for highest score, 
the tie is usually decided by each player tied putting 
toward the hole from a stipulated distance. 

Swaying. — The fault of moving the body to the right 
in making the backward swing. 

Swing. — The backward and forward movement of the 
club to execute a stroke. 

Syndicate. — A betting arrangement wherein the low 
score player collects from all of his opponents, and the 
next lowest one collects from all who had higher scores 
„ than he, and so on. 

Take The Flag (or Take The Pin). — Going to the hole 
and taking charge of the flag-stick. 

Tap Room. — The players dining room in the club house, 
more properly termed "Grill Room." 

Tee. — (1) Something to elevate the ball above the 
ground before playing, usually moist sand. (2) The 
teeing-ground is also called the "tee." 

Tee Box. — The box on or near the teeing-ground, con- 
taining sand and water. 

Tee Off. — The start of the game. 

Tee Plates. — The marks or discs placed upon a tee to 
indicate the front boundary line of the teeing-ground. 

—101— 



400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 



Teed Up. — When a ball is lying in an elevated position 
above the ground. 

Teeing-Ground. — The starting place for a hole. The 

front of each teeing-ground is indicated by two marks 
placed in a line as nearly as possible at a right angle to 
the line of play, and the teeing-ground includes a rec- 
tangular space of the depth of two club lengths directly 
behind the line indicated by the two marks. 

Third. — The handicap of a stroke taken every third 
hole. 

Three-Ball Match. — When three players play against 
each other, each playing his own ball. In the United 
States a three-ball match is usually called a threesome. 

Threesome. — One player playing against two other 
players playing one ball between them. In the United 
States when we speak of a threesome we usually mean 
a three-ball match. 

Through The Green. — All ground on which play is per- 
mitted, except hazards and the putting-green of the hole 
that is being played. 

Toe. — The part of the club head farthest from the 
shaft. 

Toeing. — Striking the ball with the toe of the club. 

Top. — To strike the ball above its center. 

Trajectory. — The upward and downward curve which a 
ball describes in space. (A ball driven with a cleek usu- 
ally has a low trajectory; one played with a niblick - 
usually has a high trajectory.) 

Trap. — A depression in the ground, usually artificially 
constructed. When the natural soil is exposed and top 
dressed with softer soil or sand, it is a bunker, and 
therefore a hazard; when sodded, it is not a hazard. 

4. 

Turn, The. — The end of play of the first nine holes 
played. 

Twosome. — A match in which one player plays against 
another player, officially termed a "single." 

Umpire. — An official whose duty it is to decide ques- 
tions of fact. 

Underclubbing. — Using a club of insufficient range to 
get the distance desired. 



—102— 



400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 



Undercut. — To strike a ball much beneath its center, 
causing it to rise abruptly and fall comparatively dead. 

Underspin. — Backward rotation of the ball caused by 
striking the ball below the center. 

Up. — (1) When a player has the advantage of his op- 
ponent by one or more holes. (2) When a ball is even 
with or slightly beyond the hole. 

Up-Hill Lie. — A lie in which the ball is on a hillside, 
and the line of play is up the slope of the hill. 

Upright Lie. — When the angle formed by the sole of 
-the club head and the shaft is but little more than a 
right angle. 

Upright Swing. — A swing in which the club head is 
brought back and down in an arc relatively paralell with 
the line of flight, the club head being taken to the top 
of the swing by the shortest route. 

Vaile Grip. — A grip in w T hich the index finger of the 
left hand is placed over the little finger of the right 
hand. 

Vaile Stymie Shot. — A stymie shot played with a club 
of considerable loft, the club being brought back straight 
from the ball along the grass with practically no wrist 
movement, and brought forward in the same way, strik- 
ing the ball as low as possible and following through 
along the grass, the club head not describing an arc. 

Vardon Grip. — A grip in which the little finger of the 
right hand is placed over and between the index and 
second fingers of the left hand. 

Waggle. — A preliminary movement of the club back 
and forth over the ball before commencing the swing. 

Waisting. — The fault of bending the body to the left 
as the club goes up, and to the right as the club comes 
down. 

s Water Hazard. — Any water (not casual water) on the 
course. 

Whiff. — To entirely and unintentionally miss the ball 
in making a stroke. 

Whip. — The suppleness of the club shaft. 

Whipping. — The pitched twine wrapped about the 
junction of the head and shaft of the club. 



—103— 



400 GOLF TERMS DEFINED 



Wind Cheater. — A low shot against the wind* 

Winter Rules. — Golf usually played upon temporary 
greens. The player is requested to tee up his ball upon 
the fairways, so as not to injure the turf. 

Wooden Cleek. — A wooden club, with a small head, 
the loft of a cleek and a relatively flat sole. 

Worm-Casts. — The excreta of worms. These are con- 
sidered as loose impediments under the Rules of Golf, 
and under certain restrictions may be removed. 

Wrist Shot. — A shot in which much of the force comes, 
from a snap of the wrists. 

Yardage. — The distance in yards of each hole, each 
nine and the entire course: should be measured by sur- 
veying instruments, in an air line, as each hole should 
be played. 

Yard Posts. — Posts placed along the edges of the fair- 
ways to indicate the length of drives. 



—104— 



ETIQUETTE OF QOLF 

"Ethics is the Soul of Sport/' 



I There is no game played in America that requires an 
observance of the etiquette of the game more than does 
the game of golf — it is preeminently a gentleman's game. 

The day has passed when a player may go out upon 
I the course and dub around regardless of the rules or the 
rights of his fellow members. The character of a club 
f is ofttimes judged by the etiquette of its members; and 
the man who says: "Oh, I don't care anything about the 
rules or etiquette — I just play this game for the exercise 
I get out of it" is a bore and pest upon the course. His 
sense of sportsmanship is as much in need of exercise as 
vis his body. 

The following rules of etiquette promulgated by the 
TJ. S. G. A., should be strictly observed: 

"1. No one should stand close to or directly behind 
the ball, move, or talk, when a player is making a stroke. 

2. On the putting-green no one should stand behind 
the hole in the line of a player's stroke. 

3. The player who has the honour should be allowed 
to play before his opponent tees his ball. 

4. No player should play from the tee until the party 
, in front have played their second strokes and are out of 

range, nor play up to the putting-green till the party in 
front have holed out and moved away. 

5. Players who have holed out should not try their 
putts over again when other players are following them. 

i v 6. Players looking for a lost ball should allow other 
' matches coming up to pass them; they should signal to 
1 the players following them to pass, and having given 
such signal, they should not continue their play until 
these players have passed and are out of reach. 

7. Turf cut or displaced by a player should be at once 
replaced and pressed down with the foot. 

8. A player should carefully fill up all holes made by 
himself in a bunker. 



—105— 



ETIQUETTE OF GOLF 



9. Players should see that their caddies do not injure 
the holes by standing close to them when the ground is 
soft. 

10. A player who has incurred a penalty stroke should 
intimate the fact to his opponent as soon as possible. 

11. Players who do not continue in the match play 
rounds of a tournament should be considered to have 
forfeited any prize they may have won in the qualifying^ 
round." 

ALSO 

1. Don't try to "get your opponent's goat" by talk- 
ing to him, suggesting that the green is slow or fast, by 
attempting to mislead him as to what club he should use, 
or by other conversation intended to disturb him. 

2. If your match is a slow one, and there is a clear 
hole ahead, don't hesitate to let faster or better players 
go through. 

3. Play the game according to the rules; you may 
not be as golf -wise as the men who made them. How- 
ever, don't play technical golf and try to win holes on 
technicalities. If you are playing for your club in a 
match, strictly observe the rules, and insist that your 
opponent does likewise. 

4. Should you violate a rule, don't wait for the other 
player to claim the penalty. No true sportsman likes 
to win a hole on a penalty, and will hesitate to claim it. 
Announce the penalty yourself, and insist upon taking it. 

5. Don't concede putts. Agree beforehand that all 
putts must be holed. Arguments or misunderstandings 
may thus be avoided. 

6. As elsewhere emphasized in this book, don't abuse 
your caddie. He will give you better service if you treat 
him fairly. A pat on the back and a kind word will do 
more good than an exhibition of temper. A reputation 
for being a "crab" spreads very fast among the caddies. 

i 



—106— 



HISTORICAL 



BRIEF HISTORY OF GOLF. 

There is considerable doubt as to just when and where 
irthe game of golf originated. Some authors contend that 
the game is of Scotch origin, while others maintain that 
it began in Holland,- and that the word "Golf" is derived 
from the Teutonic word "Kolbe," meaning club, and also 
from the Dutch word "Kolf." It is clear, however, that 
ythe game in some form was played in Scotland as earlv 
( as 1353. 

The first ball that was used was a wooden ball, egg- 
shaped and made from beechwood, and the club was hewn 
from one piece of wood and shaped very much like the 
present day hockey club. 

The game as played in the very early days differed a 
great deal from golf as we now know it. There were no 
regular golf courses, or any particular places to play, but 
the players would agree on a starting place and an ob- 
jective point to which to play. In some cases the con- 
test was to see which player could drive his ball to a cer- 
tain object in the shortest length of time, and in other 
contests the player arriving at his destination in the 
fewest number of strokes was declared the winner. 

The wooden ball was soon superseded by a ball made 
of hard pressed feathers with a leather covering and was 
a little larger than the present ball. These "featheries" 
were used until 1848, when the gutta-percha, or hard 
^rubber ball, was substituted. 

The present rubber cored ball was invented by Colburn 
Haskell, an American, in 1898, and was first used in 
Great Britain in 1902. 

The Edinburgh Evening Dispatch, in describing the 
game of golf as it was played in the early days, says: 

"The method of play was as follows: 

The player places his ball near a hole which has been 
designated as the starting point, and when the word is 
given to start, he putts his ball as accurately as possible 
toward the next hole, which may be 100 or 500 yards 
distant. As soon as it is started in the air he runs for- 
ward in the direction which the ball has taken, and his 
servant, who is called a caddie, runs after him with all 
the tools (clubs) in his arms. If the player is expert 



—107— 



HISTORICAL 



or lucky, he plays his ball so that it falls within a few 
feet or inches even of the next hole in the circle. His 
purpose is to put the ball in that next hole, spoon it out, 
and drive it forward to the next farther one before his 
opponent can accomplish the same end. 

The province of the caddie in the game is to follow 
his master as closely as possible, generally at a dead run, 
and be ready to hand him whichever implement of the " 
game the master calls for as the play may demand. For 
instance, the ball may fall in such a way that it is lodged 
an inch or two above the ground, having fallen in thick 
grass. The player rushing up to it calls on his caddie 
for a baffing spoon, and having received it from the 
hands of his servant, he bats the ball with the spoon in 
the direction of the hole." 

In 1457 golf was prohibited by law in Scotland, bo- 
cause the players were devoting too much time to the 
game and not enough to archery, which, in the days of ^ 
the bow and arrow, constituted a real means of national 7 
defense. 

It appears, however, that the law was not generally 
enforced, and that the game was introduced into England 
in the fifteenth century. It soon became a favorite 
pastime of the nobility and the gentry. 

Golf was played at St. Andrews in 1552, but the Royal 
and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews, which is the parent 
organization of the golfing world, was not founded until 
1754. 

While the game of golf had existed in Great Britain 
for several centuries, it really did not become a popular 
game until 1860, when the Open Championship was 
sstablished, and Willie Park, Sr., was the winner. 

Harry Vardon has won six British Open Champion- 
ships; J. H. Taylor, five; and James Braid, five. 

The British Amateur Championship Tournament was 
established in 1886. 

The British Women's Championship Tournament was <l 
established in 1893. 

The 1920 and 1921 British Woman Champion was Miss 
Cecil Leitch, generally regarded as the greatest woman 
golfer that ever lived. 

The first golf club to be established in the United 
States was the St. Andrews Club of Yonkers in 1888. 
The game has become so popular that there are now 
approximately 2750 recognized golf clubs in this country. 



—108— 



HISTORICAL 



The American Open and Amateur Championships were 
first played in 1894. 

The first National Women's Championship was played 
in 1895. 

In 1904, Walter J. Travis, an American, won the Brit- 
ish Amateur Championship. 

In 1913, Francis Ouimet, formerly a caddie, then 20 
years of age, won the Open Championship of the United 
States, defeating Vardon, Ray, Tellier and Reid. 

In 1916, "Chick" Evans won both the National Open 
'and National Amateur Championships. 

' In 1920, Robert Gardner of Chicago was runner-up to 
Cyril Tolley in the British Amateur Championship; Ted 
Ray of England won the Open Championship of the 
United States. 

i In 1920, Miss Alexa Stirling won the Women's Cham- 
pionship of the United States for the third successive 
time, and also won the Championship of Canada; "Chick" 
Evans won his second National Amateur Championship 

In 1921, Jock Hutchison, of Chicago, won the British 
Open Championship; J. M. Barnes won the National 
Open ; Jesse P. Guilford won the National Amateur ; 
Walter Hagen won the Western Open; and "Chick" 
Evans, for the sixth time, won the Western Amateur 
Championship. 

The 1921 Professional Golfers' Association's Cham- 
pionship was won by Walter Hagen, 3 up 2, playing 
against J. M. Barnes in the final at Inwood Country 
Club. 

Among the winners of the Championship of Kansas 
*City are the following: 

1915 C. R. Jones 1919 Arthur Eckland 

1916 Henry Decker 1920 Jess C. Stuttle 

1917 Dr. G. L. Miller 1921 Ray Ouimet 

1918 Not played. 

Included among the winners of Kansas City Women's 
Championships are: 

1915 Miss Carolyn Lee 1919 Miss Carolyn Lee 

1916 Miss Carolyn Lee 1920 Miss Miriam Burns 

1917 Miss Gladys Cranston 1921 Miss Miriam Burns 

1918 Not played. 

The First Annual Kansas City Caddie Championship 
Tournament, held under the auspices of the Kansas City 
Golf Association, was played September 2, 1921, over 
the course of the Mission Hills Country Club. 

—109— 



HISTORICAL 



The play was eighteen holes Stroke Competition with 
sixty-four competitors, divided into a Senior Class — 
caddies sixteen years of age or over — and a Junior Class 
— caddies under sixteen years of age — each club being 
allowed six competitors in each class, who were deter- 
mined by a qualifying round at each club August 29, 
1921. Three trophies in each class were offered, and 
the result of the play, over a very soggy course, was 
as follows: 

Senior Championship — William Nelson, K. C. Coun- 
try Club . : ..82 

Senior Runner Up — Harry Piel, Mission Hills 86 

Senior Third Place — Bernard Nolan, Hillcrest 88 

Junior Championship — Ray Nachtman, Blue Hills 84 

Junior Runner Up — Noah Vanbibber, K. C. Coun- 
try Club — — 89 

Junior Third Place — R. L. Boone, Meadow Lake 94 



—110— 



EITlERQENClj AND FIRST AID 
HINTS FOR CADDIES 



Authorities: 

American Red Cross Text Book on First Aid. 

I U. S. Public Health Service Pamphlets on First Aid. 

» A knowledge of first aid will sometimes enable a caddie 
:o be of great service to a player or to a fellow caddie, 
it may even mean saving a life. If he will learn the 
following, he can really help in case of accidents. 

Remember the first aider should not attempt to replace 
the doctor. Except in very minor injuries always send 
for a doctor. Take only such steps as may be neces- 
sary to prevent the injury from doing further harm 
and to keep the patient in as good condition as possible 
for the doctor's treatment. Too much "First Aid" is 
sometimes more dangerous than too little. 

Bites. For insect bites apply ammonia; afterwards, 
cool, wet dressing such as wet salt or earth. 

For dog or snake bites, send for doctor first of all. 
Then tie off tightly between body and wound to stop 
possible circulation of poison to the body; soak wound 
hot water and encourage bleeding by squeezing and 
kneading; if you have no sores or cuts in your mouth, 
suck wound to remove possible poison; burn wound with 
strong ammonia. 

Caution: Do not leave the tight cord or bandage that 
; is cutting off circulation in place more than 45 minutes 
mt the most, as it will probably cause loss of the limb if 
you do. If bitten by a dog, don't kill the dog unless sure 
that he has rabies. Have dog kept under observation 
for rabies. 

Blisters. Blisters on feet are best treated by washing 
in hot water and then pricking with clean needle. Prick 
through skin at side of blister and press till flat. A very 
small flat pad of cotton or chamois held in place by ad- 
hesive tape will protect blister. 



—Ill— 



FIRST AID HINTS 



. Broken Bones. Handle very gently and just as little 
as possible. Get doctor. Never move patient until splints 
have been applied. Pad splints well with cotton, soft 
grass or clothing. Bind securely to keep ends of broken 
bones from moving and causing further injury and pain. 
The chief thing the first aider can do is to prevent move- 
ment of the ends of the broken bones until case can be 
properly treated by doctor. ^ 

Bruises. For bruises, such as might be caused by blow 
from golf ball, apply cloth compress soaked in very hot 
or very cold water. 

Bums. Slight burrs may be dressed with a thin paste 1 
made of water and baking soda, starch or flour. Vaseline,' 
olive oil, fresh lard or cream are also good. 

Severe burns require care of a doctor immediately. 
Exclude air from burn with a clean dressing of picric 
acid gauze. Gauze soaked with carron oil, sweet oil^ 
olive oil or vaseline is also good. Don't apply cotton 
directly to a burn. 

Chills. Chills from exposure, such as being out in cold 
rain or snow, are best treated by giving plenty of hot 
drinks, like hot milk, lemonade, tea or coffee and getting 
patient into warm bed as soon as possible. 

Cramps or Stomach Ache. Apply hot bottle to stom- 
ach or rub stomach. Soda mint tablets or hot water with 
a little spirits of peppermint or syrup of ginger should 
be taken. If very severe, get doctor. 

Cut Arteries. Severe bleeding from cut arteries must 
be stopped by applying tourniquet. Blood will be bright, 
red and will spurt out. Tie cord or bandage loosely 
around limb between wound and heart and twist tight 
with stick until blood stops. Call doctor at once. Never 
leave tourniquet on over 45 minutes or you will probably 
cause loss of limb. 

Cuts, Do not wash cuts. Tie them up in their own 
blood with a sterile bandage or dressing. Painting with 
iodine is a good precaution. If severe, stop bleeding and 
get a doctor. 

Dislocation. Send for doctor and treat for shock. Do 
not attempt to reduce dislocation yourself. Make patient 
as comfortable as possible and apply very hot or cold 
water to dislocated joint. 



—112— 



FIRST AID HINTS 



Drowning. Artificial Respiration. Lay person face 
jown with arms above head. Stand astride body. Get 
] water out by clasping hands under patient's stomach and 
ifting him by the middle, letting head hang down. Do 
:his several times. Leave patient face down and turn 
nis head to one side making sure his mouth is clear of 
)bstructions to breathing. Kneel astride patient's hips 
^nd place hands on either side of patient's back bone 
resting on short "floating" ribs with fingers running 
parallel to ribs. Keep arms straight and lean forward 
pressing down with whole weight on hands. Hold for 
about two seconds and then relieve pressure suddenly 
■fey swinging backward. Keep repeating this operation 
12 to 15 times a minute until patient starts to breathe. 
DON'T GIVE UP. U. S. Life Saving Service keeps up 
artificial respiration for four hours if necessary. Be sure 
motions are made steadily and not too fast. Keep patient 
warm. 

■ L Ear Ache. Consult doctor. Hot cloths or a hot bottle 
will relieve. A few drops of warm sweet oil put into the 
ear will likely afford relief also. 

I Electric Shocks. Always send for a doctor, but do not 
wait for him. Treatment should be given even if the 
person appears to be dead. Speed in beginning treatment 
is of as great importance as in cases of apparent drown- 
ing. Delay may mean death. Loosen the clothing around 
neck and body. Proceed to restore breathing by artifi- 
cial respiration as in drowning. Striking the soles of the 
; feet repeatedly, quite hard, while the artificial respiration 
is being done, is of great additional value. 

Fainting. Loosen clothing around neck. Place head 
lower than rest of body and sprinkle face with cold 
prater. Smelling salts or ammonia to nose. 

Heat Exhaustion. Differs from sunstroke and requires 
different treatment. Patient not usually unconscious; 
feels very weak; face pale and covered with clammy 
sweat; never very hot and dry as in sun stroke. Re- 
move to cool place, have patient lie down and sip cold 
water. Bathe the face with cold water. May give stimu- 
lants as tea or coffee or aromatic spirits of ammonia. 

Hiccups. Holding the breath will often cure, as will 
also drinking a full glass of water in small sips without 
taking a breath. If these fail, vomiting is an almost 
certain effective remedy. It may be induced by drink- 
ing lots of luke warm water, or running a finger down 
the throat. 

Nausea. When due to indigestible foods, as is usually 



—113— 



FIRST AID HINTS 



true, causing vomiting by drinking lots of luke warm 
water will usually eliminate cause of nausea and give 
immediate relief. Running finger down the throat will 
also cause vomiting. Patient should then lie down. Soda 
mint tablets or a little baking soda in water will usually 
relieve nausea. Sucking small lumps of ice is also good. 

Nose Bleed. For severe nose bleed place patient in 
chair with head hanging backward. Apply cold water to^ 
back of neck. Put roll of paper between upper lip and 
gum so as to cause pressure. If severe bleeding con- 
tinues, get doctor. A plug of cotton may be shoved 
gently up into the nostrils, not more than one inch, with^ 
good results. 

Shock. After severe injuries there is almost always * 
shock, sometimes called collapse. Patient's face is pale 
with dull expression. Skin is cold and clammy, pulse 
weak, patient seems stupid. Breathing irregular. Send 
for doctor. Get supply of blood to brain by keeping 
patient on back with head low. If conscious and able to" 
swallow, give stimulants, as aromatic spirits of ammonia, 
V2 teaspoonful in V2 glass of water, hot tea, coffee, etc. 
Keep patient warm and apply heat externally. 

Sprains. Absolute rest to the sprained joint. Apply 
cloths soaked in either very hot or very cold water. Be 
careful not to burn patient. If at all serious, get doctor. 

Stings. For insect stings apply ammonia; afterwards., 

cool, wet dressing such as wet salt or earth. 

Sun Burns. Use soothing applications. Plain or car- 
bolated vaseline or cold cream are good. If nothing else 
available, cold compresses will give relief. 

Sun Stroke. A dangerous condition. Differs from_ 
heat exhaustion. Develops suddenly. Patient usually be-^ 
comes unconscious. Face is red, skin dry and burning 
hot. Pulse full and rapid. Call doctor and treat to cooi 
patient off quickly. Take to cool place. Loosen clothes 
and remove as much as possible. Rub ice cold water over 
face, neck, chest and in arm pits. Put in cold bath if 
practicable or wrap in sheets soaked in cold water. If' 
this is done, body must be rubbed continuously to pre- 
vent shock and bring the blood to surface. Patient may 
drink cold water when consciousness returns. No stimu- 
lants. 

Tooth Ache. Cotton dipped in oil of cloves may be 
placed in cavity for temporary relief. If cavity cannot 
be reached, a little cotton soaked in spirits of camphor 
and placed between gum and cheek will usually help. 
This will burn some. See a dentist as soon as possible. 

—114— 



FIRST AID HINTS 



FIRST AID SUPPLIES 



Every golf club should have a First Aid outfit on hand 
which should include: 



Aromatic spirits of 

Ammonia 
Carbolized Vaseline (Tube) 
< | Soda Mint Tablets 
Iodine 

Absorbent Cotton 
Aqua Ammonia 
Oil of Cloves (Poison) 
$ Antiseptic gauze 
Tooth Wax 
Bandages — assorted, 
mostly narrow sizes 

There are ready made outfits available, such as the 
various types of Red Cross First Aid and Emergency 
A Kits, which are very satisfactory. 

Caddies will find a small spool of adhesive tape useful 
not only for some First Aid, but for other purposes on 
I the course, such as fastening grips on clubs, etc. 



Red Cross First Aid 

Dressings 
Sharp Knife 
Scissors 

Adhesive plaster 
Pins, safety and ordinary 
Talcum Powder 
American Red Cross 

abridged Text Book on 

First Aid. 



—115 — 



SOTttE HINTS Oil FIT ' 



- 1 '! 

Exercise wisely. Daily exercise such as hiking, base-" 
ball, swimming, boxing, wrestling, will keep a boy physi- 
cally fit. Useful work using the big muscles is as good 
as sport for exercise. 

Eat proper food. Drink water rather than soft drinks. 
Chew food well and eat regularly. 

Sleep regularly. You need eight hours at least. 

Get lots of fresh air. Exercise and work in the fresh 
air, and sleep in the fresh air. 

Keep clean, physically and morally. Bathe regularly 
and often. Keep your teeth clean. Bad teeth cause suf- 
fering and disease. 

Smoking shortens the wind, weakens the nerves and * 
undermines the health, particularly of a growing boy. 
The boy under twenty who smokes cigaretts is not 
"wicked" or "nasty" or "naughty," he is just a plain fool. 
He does not have to take one person's word for this. Let 
him ask the family physician, the athletic coach, the phy-' 
sical director, all men who have studied the matter and 
know what they are talking about. 



—116— 



Year 

1894 

1895 
1896 
1897 
1898 
1899 

1900 
1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 
1905 
1 * 1906 
1907 
1908 

1909 



QOLF CHAMPIONS 

NATIONAL OPEN CHAMPIONS 
Winner & Runner-up Score Where Played 

Willie Dunn 2 up St. Andrews Golf Cluu, 

W. Campbell Mt. Hope, N. Y. 

Horace Rawlins 173 Newport G. C, 

Willie Dunn 175 Newport, R. I. 

152 Shinnecock Hills G. C, 
155 Shinnecock Hills. L. I. 



James Foulis 
Horace Rawlins 



Joe Lloyd 
Willie Anderson 

Fred Herd 
Aleck Smith 

Willie Smith 
George Low 
Val. Fitzjohn 
W. H. Way 

Harry Vardon 
J. H. Taylor 

Willie Anderson 
Aleck Smith 



162 Chicago Golf Club, 

163 Wheaton, 111. 

328 Myopia Hunt Club, 
335 Hamilton, Mass. 

315 Baltimore C. C, 
Baltimore, Md. 

326 



313 Chicago Golf Club, 
315 Wheaton, 111. 

331 Myopia Hunt Club, 
Hamilton, Mass. 
Play-off — Anderson won by one stroke. 

Lawrence Auchterlonie 307 Garden City Golf Club, 
Stewart Gardner ] Garden City, L.I.N.Y. 

Walter J. Travis* j 313 

Willie Anderson ) 307 Baltusrol Golf Club, 
David Brown j Springfield, N. J. 

Play-off— Anderson had 82 to Brown's 84. 



Willie Anderson 
Gilbert Nicholls 
Willie Anderson 
Aleck Smith 
Aleck Smith 
Willie Smith 
Aleck Ross 
Gilbert Nicholls 
Fred McLeod 7 
Willie Smith J 
Play-off- 
George Sargent 
Tom McNamara 



303 Glen View Club, 
308 Golf, 111. 

314 Myopia Hunt Club, 
316 Hamilton, Mass. 
295 Onwentsia Club, 
302 Lake Forest, 111. 
302 Phila. Cricket Club, 

304 Philadelphia, Pa. 
322 Myopia Hunt Club, 

Hamilton, Mass. 
-McLeod won. 

290 Englewood G. C, 
294 Englewood, N. J. 



-117- 



GOLF CHAMPIONS 



Score Where Played 

Phila. Cricket Club 
298 Philadelphia, Pa. 



Year Winner Sl Runner-up 

1910 Aleck Smith . 1 
Macdonald Smith \ 
J. J. McDermott J 

Play-off — A. Smith, 71; McDermott, 75; M. Smith, 77, 

1911 J. J. McDermott ] Chicago Golf Club, 
M. J. Brady [ 307 Wheaton, 111. 
George O. Simpson J 

Play-off— McDermott, 80; Brady, 82; Simpson, 86. 



1912 J. J. McDermott 
Tom McNamara 

1913 Francis Ouimet* 
Harry Vardon 
Edward Ray 



I 



294 Buffalo C. C, 
296 Buffalo, N. Y. 
304 Country Club, 

Brookline, Mass. 



Play-off— Ouimet*, 72; Vardon, 77; Ray, 78. 



1914 Walter C. Hagen 
Charles Evans, Jr.* 

1915 Jerome D. Travers* 
Tom McNamara 

1916 Charles Evans, Jr.* 
Jock Hutchison 

1917-1918 Not held. 

1919 Walter C. Hagen } 
M. J. Brady \ 

Play-off 

1920 Edward Ray 
Harry Vardon ] 
Leo Diegel 

Jack Burke 

Jock Hutchison J 

1921 J. M. Barnes 
Walter Hagen \ 
Fred McLeod J 

* Amateur. 



290 Midlothian C. C, 

291 Blue Island, 111. 

297 Baltusrol G. C, 

298 Short Hills, N. J. 
286 Minikahda Club, 
288 Minneapolis, Minn. 

301 Brae-Burn C. C, 

West Newton, Mass. 
Hagen, 77; Brady, 78. 

295 Inverness Club, 
] Toledo, Ohio 



296 

289 Columbia, C. C. 
298 Washington, D. 



C. 



NATIONAL AMATEUR CHAMPIONS 



1 up 



1894 L. B. Stoddart 
C. B. Macdonald 

1895 C. B. Macdonald 
C. E. Sands 

1896 H. J. Whigham 
J. G. Thorp 

1897 H. J. W T higham 
W. R. Betts 

1898 Findlav S. Douglas 
W. B. Smith 

1899 Herbert M. Harriman 3&2 
Findlay S. Douglas 

—118— 



12&11 



8&7 



8&6 



5&3 



St. Andrews Golf Club, 
Mt. Hope, N. Y. 
Newport Golf Club, 

Newport, R. I. 
Shinnecock Hills G. C, 

Shinnecock Hills, L I. 
Chicago Golf Club, 

Wheaton, 111. 
Morris County G. C, 

Morristown, N. J. 
Onwentsia Club, 

Lake Forest, 111. 



GOLF CHAMPIONS 



Year 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

v 1917- 
1919 

1920 

1921 



Winner & Runner-up Scoi 

Walter J. Travis 2 up 
Findlay S. Douglas 

Walter J. Travis 5&4 
Walter E. Egan 

Louis N. James 4&2 
E. M. Byers 

Walter J. Travis 5&4 
E. M. Byers 

H. Chandler Egan 8&6 
Fred Herreshoff 

H. Chandler Egan 6&5 

D. E Sawyer 

E. M Byers 2 up 
George S. Lyon 
Jorome D. Travers 6&5 
Archibald Graham 
Jerome D. Travers 8&7 
Max H. Behr 

Robert A. Gardner 4&2 
H. Chandler Egan 
William C. Fownes, Jr. 4&3 
Warren K. Wood 
Harold H. Hilton 1 up (37) 
Fred Herreshoff 

Jerome D. Travers 7&6 
Charles Evans, Jr. 

Jerome D. Travers 5&4 
John G. Anderson 

Francis Ouimet 6&5 
Jerome D. Travers 

Robert A. Gardner 5&4 
John G. Anderson 

Charles Evans, Jr. 4&3 
Robert A. Gardner 
1918 Not held 

S. Davidson Herron 5&4 
R. T. Jones, Jr. 

Charles Evans, Jr. 7&6 
Francis Ouimet 

Jesse P. Guilford 7&6 
Robert A. Gardner 



'e Where Played 

Garden City Golf Club, 
Garden City, L.I.,N.Y. 

C. C. of Atlantic City, 

Atlantic City, N. J. 
Glen View Club, 

Golf, 111. 
Nassau C. C, 

Glen Cove, L. I., N.Y. 
Baltusrol Golf Club, 

Springfield, N. J, 
Chicago Golf Club, 

Wheaton, IL. 
Englewood Golf Club, 

Englewood, N. J. 
Euclid Club, 

Cleveland, Ohio 
Garden City Golf Club, 

Garden City, L.I.,N.Y. 
Chicago Golf Club, 

Wheaton, 111. 
Country Club, 

Brookline, Mass. 
Apawamis Club, 

Rye, N.-Y. 
Chicago Golf Club, 

Wheaton, 111. 
Garden City Golf Club, 

Garden City, L.I..N.Y. 
Ekwanok C, C, 

Manchester, Vt. 
Detroit C. C, Grosse 

Point e Farms, Mich. 
Merion Cricket Club, 

Haverford, Pa. 

Oakmont Country Club, 

Oakmont, Pa. 
Engineers' C. C, 

Roslyn, L. I., N. Y. 
St. Louis C. C. 
St. Louis, Mo. 



GOLF CHAMPIONS 



NATIONAL WOMEN CHAMPIONS 



Year Winner & Runner-up Score 



Where Played 



1895 
1896 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 



192 



Mrs. C. S. Brown 
Miss N. C. Sargent 
Miss Beatrix Hoyt 
Mrs. A. Turnure 
Miss Beatrix Hovt 
Miss N. C. Sargent 
Miss Beatrix Hoyt 
Miss Maud Wetmore 
Miss Ruth Underhill 
Mrs. Caleb F. Fox 
Miss F. C. Griscom 
Miss Margaret Curtis 
Miss Genevieve Hecker 
Miss Lucy Herron 
Miss Genevieve Hecker 
Miss L. A. Wells 
Miss Bessie Anthony 
Miss J. A. Carpenter 
Miss Georgianna Bishop 5&3 
Mrs. E. F. Sanford 
Miss Pauline Mackay 
Miss Margaret Curtis 
Miss Harriot S. Curtis 
Miss Molly Adams 
Miss Margaret Curtis 
Miss Harriot S. Curtis 
Miss Kate C, Harlev 
Mrs. T. H. Polhemus 
Miss Dorothy Campbell 
Mrs. Ron EL Barlow 
Miss Dorothy Campbell 
Mrs. G. M. Martin 
Miss Margaret Curtis 
Miss Lillian Hyde 
Miss Margaret Curtis 
Mrs. Ron. H. Barlow 
Miss G. Ravenscroft 
Miss Marion Hollins 
Mrs. H. Arnold Jackson 1 up 
E. V. Rosenthal 
C. H. Vanderbeck 3&2 
W. A. Gavin 
Miss Alexa Stirling 
Miss Mildred Caverly 

—120- 



Miss 

Mrs 

Mrs 



2&1 



5&4 



5&G 



2&1 



6&5 



5&3 



4&3 



7&6 



1 up 
2&1 



7&6 



6&5 



3&2 



2&1 



5&3 



3&2 



2 up 



2&1 



Meadowbrook G. C, 

Reading, Mass. 
Morris County G. C, 

Morristown, N. J. 
Essex County Club, 

Manchester, Mass. 
Ardsley Club, 

Ardsley, N. Y. 
Philadelphia C. C, 

Philadelphia, Pa. 
Shinnecock Hills, G. G., 

Shinnecock Hills, L.I. 
Baltusrol Golf Club, 

Springfield, N. J. 
Country Club, 

Brookline, Mass. 
Chicago Golf Club, 

Wheaton, 111. 
Merion Cricket Club, 

Haverford, Pa. 
Morris County C. C, 

Convent, N. J. 
Brae Burn C. C., 

West Newton, Mass. 
Midlothian C. C, 

Blue Island, 111. 
Chevy Chase Club. 

Washington, D. C, 
Merion Cricket Club, 

Haverford, Pa. 
Homewood C. C, 

Flossmoor, 111. 
Baltusrol G. C. 

Springfield, N. J. 
Essex County Club. 

Manchester, Mass. 
Wilmington C. C, 

Wilmington, Del. 

Nassau C. C, 

Glen Cove, L. L, N.Y. 
Onwentsia Club, 

Lake Forest, 111. 
Belmont Spring, C. C, 

Waverly, Mass. 



GOLF CHAMPIONS 



Year Winner & Runner-up Score 

1917-1918 Not held 

1919 Miss Alexa Stirling 
Mrs. W. A. Gavin 

1920 Miss Alexa Stirling 
Mrs. D. C. Hurd 

,1921 Miss Marion Hollins 
Miss Alexa Stirling 



Where Played 



6&5 Shawnee C. C., 

Shawnee-on-Del, Pa. 
4&3 Mayfield C. C, 

Cleveland, Ohio 
5&4 Hollywood G. C, 
Deal, N. J. 



WESTERN OPEN CHAMPIONS 

,1899 Willie Smith after tie Glen View Golf Club, 
r Lawrence Auchterlonie 156 Golf, 111. 

1900 Not held. 

1901 Law r rence Auchterlonie 160 Midlothian C. C, 
David Bell Blue Island, 111. 



, 1 902 Willie Anderson 

Willie Smith 1 
W. H. Way j 

1903 Aleck Smith 
Lawrence Auchterlonie j 
David Brown j 

1904 Willie Anderson 
Aleck Smith 

1905 Arthur Smith 
James Maiden 

1906 Aleck Smith 
John Hobens 

1907 Robert Simpson 
Willie Anderson ) 
Fred McLeod j 

1908 Willie Anderson 
Fred McLeod 

1909 Willie Anderson 
S. Gardner 

VL910 Charles Evans, Jr. 
George Simpson 

1911 Robert Simpson 
Tom McNamara 

1912 Macdonald Smith 
Aleck Robertson 

1913 J. J. McDermott 
M. J. Brady 

1914 J. M. Barnes 
William Kidd 



299 Euclid Club, 
304 Cleveland, Ohio 

318 Milwaukee C. C, 
320 Milwaukee, Wis. 

-304 Kent C. C, 

308 Grand Rapids, Mich. 

278 Cincinnati Golf Club, 
280 Cincinnati, Ohio 

306 Homewood C. C, 

309 Flossmoor, 111. 

307 Hinsdale Golf Club, 
309 Hinsdale, 111. 



299 Normandie Golf Club, 

300 St. Louis, Mo. 
288 Skokie Country Club, 
297 Glencoe, 111. 

Match Beverly C. C, 
Play Chicago, 111. 

Match Kent C. C, 
Play Grand Rapids, Mich. 

299 Idlewild C. C, 
302 Flossmoor, 111. 

295 Memphis C. C, 
302 Memphis, Tenn. 

293 Interlachen C. C, 

294 Minneapolis, Minn. 



—121— 



GOLF CHAMPIONS 



Year Winner & Runner-up 

1915 Tom McNamara 
A. Cunningham 

1916 Walter Hagen 

George Sargent ) 
Jock Hutchison J 

1917 J. M. Barnes 
Walter Hagen 

1918 Not held 

1919 J. M. Barnes 
Leo Diegel 

1920 Jock Hutchison 

J. M. Barnes ] 
Harry Hampton \ 
C. W. Hackney J 

1921 Walter Hagen 
Jock- Hutchison 

* Amateur. 



Score Where Played 

304 Glen Oak C. C, 

306 Glen Ellyn, 111. 

286 Blue Mound C. C, 

287 Milwaukee, Wis. 

283 Westmoreland C. C., 

285 Glen View, 111. 



283 Mayfield C. C, 

286 Cleveland, Ohio 
296 Olympia Fields C. C, 

Chicago, 111. 

297 

287 Oakwood Club, 
292 Cleveland, Ohio 



WESTERN AMATEUR CHAMPIONS 



1899 David R. Forgan 6&5 
Walter E. Egan 

1900 William Waller 1 up 
William Holabird, Jr. 

1901 Phelps B. Hoyt 6&5 
Bruce D. Smith 

1902 H. Chandler Egan 1 up (37) 
Walter E. Egan 

1903 Walter E. Egan 1 up (37) 
H. Chandler Egan 

1904 H. Chandler Egan 6&5 
D. E. Sawyer 

1905 H. Chandler Egan 3&2 
Walter E. Egan 

1906 D. E. Sawyer 1 up (37) 
Warren K. Wood 

1907 H. Chandler Egan 5&4 
Herbert F. Jones 

1908 Mason Phelps 6&5 
Harry W. Allen 

1909 Charles Evans, Jr. 1 up 
Albert Seckel 



Glen View Golf Club, 

Golf, 111. 
Onwentsia Club, 

Lake Forest, 111. 
Midlothian C C, 

Blue Island, 111. 
Chicago Golf Club, 

Wheaton, 111. 

Euclid Club, 
Cleveland, Ohio 

Exmoor C. C, 

Highland Park, 111. 
Glen View Golf Club, 

Golf, 111. 
Glen Echo C. C, 

Normandy, Mo. 

Chicago Golf Club, 

Wheaton, 111. 
R. I. Arsenal G. C, 

Rock Island, 111. 
Homewood C. C.-> 

Flossmoor, 111. 



—122— 



GOLF CHAMPIONS 



Y ear Winner & Runner-up Score Where Played 



L910 Mason Phelps 

Charles Evans, Jr. 

1911 Albert Seckel 
R. A. Gardner 

1912 Charles Evans, Jr. 
, , Warren K. Wood 

1913 Warren K, Wood 
Edward P. Allis, 3rd 

^914 Charles Evans, Jr. 

J. D. Standish, Jr. 
§15 Charles Evans, Jr. 
P J. D. Standish, Jr. 
L916 Heinrich Schmidt 

Douglas Grant 

1917 Francis Ouimet 

Kenneth P. Edwards 

1918 Not held 

1919 Harry G. Legg 

R. E. Bockenkamp 

1920 Charles Evans, Jr. 
Clarence Wolff 

1921 Charles Evans, Jr. 
R. E. Knepper 



2&1 Minikahda Club, 

Minneapolis, Minn. 
8&7 Detroit G. C, 

Detroit, Mich. 
1 up Denver C. C, 

Denver, Colo. 
4&3 Homewood C. C, 

Flossmoor, 111. 
11&9 Kent C. C, 

Grand Rapids, Mich. 

765 Mayfield C. C.„ 

Cleveland, Ohio 

766 Del Monte G. and C. C., 

Del Monte, Calif. 

1 up Midlothian C. C, 
Blue Island, 111. 



2&1 Sunset Hill C. C, 

St. Louis, Mo. 
5&4 Memphis C. C, 
Memphis, Tenn. 
3&2 Westmoreland C. C, 
Evanston, 111. 



WESTERN WOMEN CHAMPIONS 



Miss' Bessie Anthony 3&1 Onwentsia Club, 
Mrs. H. Chatfield Taylor Lake Forest, 111. 

1902 Miss Bessie Anthony 1 up Onwentsia Club, 
Mrs. W. A. Alexander Lake Forest, 111. 

1903 Miss Bessie Anthony Exmoor C. C, 

Miss Mabel Higgins Highland Park, 111. 

\904 Miss Frances Everett Glen View Golf Club, 

Miss J. Anna Carpenter Golf, 111. 

1905 Mrs. C. L. Dering Homewood C. C, 

Mrs. W. France Anderson Flossmoor, 111. 

1906 Mrs. C. L. Dering 1 up Exmoor C. C. 

Miss Frances Everett Highland Park, 111. 

1907 Miss Lillian French 1 up Midlothian C. C, 
Miss Sallie Ainslee Blue Island, I1L 

1908 Mrs. W. France Anderson St. Louis C. C, 
Miss Grace Semple St. Louis, Mo. 

—123— 



GOLF CHAMPIONS 



Year Winner & Runner-up Score Where Played 

1909 Miss Vida Llewellyn 6&5 Homewood C. C, 
Miss Caroline Painter Flossmoor, 111. 



1910 Mrs. 
Mrs. 



3&2 



1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1919 
1920 
1921 



Miss 
Miss 
Miss 
Miss 
Miss 
Miss 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Miss 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Miss 
Mrs. 
Miss 
Miss 
Miss 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Miss 
Mrs 
Mrs 



Thurston Harris 

Harvey L. Pound 

Caroline Painter 

Alva Sanders 

Caroline Painter 

Ruth Chisholm 

Myra Helmer 

Ruth Chisholm 

H. D. Hammond 

F. S. Colbum 

Elaine Rosenthal 

Harrv D. Hammond 

Fred C. Letts, Jr. 3&2 

Laurie Kaiser 

Fred C. Letts, Jr. 

Elaine Rosenthal 

Elaine Rosenthal 

Frane Hadfield 

Perrv Fisk 

Fred C. Letts, Jr. 

Fred C. Letts, Jr. 

Edith Cummings 
Melvin Jones 
J. W. Douglass 



3&2 
1 up 

5&3 
5&3 



4&3 



5&4 
4&3 
3&2 
2 up 
6&4 



Skokie C. C, 

Glencoe, 111. 
Midlothian C. C, 

Blue Island, 111. 
Hinsdale G. C, 

Hinsdale, 111. 
Memphis C. C, 

Memphis. Tenn. 
Hinsdale G. C, 

Hinsdale. 111. 
Midlothian C. C, 

Blue Island, 111. 
Kent C. C, 

Grand Rapids, Miqh 
Flossmoor C. C, 

Flossmoor, 111. 
Indian Hill Club, 

Winnetka, 111. 
Detroit G. C, 

Detroit, Mich. 
Oak Park C. C, 

Oak Park, 111. 
Westmoreland C. C, 
Evanston. 111. 



METROPOLITAN OPEN CHAMPIONS 



Year 


Winner 


Score 


Where Played 


1905 


Alec Smith 


300* 


Fox Hills 


1906 


George Low 


294 


Hollywood 


1907 


Not Held 






1908 


Jack Hobens 


305 


Baltusrol 


1909 


Alec Smith 


306 


Wykagyl 


1910 


Alec Smith 


301 


Deal 


1911 


Gil Nicholls 


281 


Englewood 


1912 


Tom McNamara 


293 


Apawamis 


1913 


Alec Smith 


291 


Salisbury 


1914 


Macdonald Smith 


278 


Scarsdale 


1915 


Gil Nicholls 


292f 


Fox Hills 


1916 


Walter Hagen 


307 


Garden City 


1917 


Not Held 






1918 


Not Held 






1919 


Walter Hagen 


294 


North Shore 


1920 


Walter Hagen 


292f 


Greenwich 


1921 


Robert MacDonald 


294 


Siwanoy 



"* After tie with W T ill Anderson, 
t After tie with Robert MacDonald. 
tAfter tie with Jim Barnes. 

—124— 



GOLF CHAMPIONS 



MISSOURI STATE CHAMPIONS— MEN 

IL905 H. W. Allen 1914 Alden B. Swift 

1906 Bart S. Adams 1915 Cyrus Moore 

1907 Albert B. Lambert 1916 R. W. Hodge 

1908 Christian Kenney 1917 James S. Manion 

1909 Christian Kenney 1918 James C. Ward 

1910 Ralph McKittrick 1919 James C. Ward 
ill R. W. Hodge 1920 Christian Kenney 

1912 Stuart G. Stickney 1921 James S. Manion 

1913 Raymond Thorne 

MISSOURI STATE CHAMPIONS— WOMEN 

115 Miss Grace Semple 1919 Miss Carolyn Lee 

ml6 Miss Laurie Kaiser 1920 Miss Carolyn Lee 

1917 Mrs. E. Lansing Ray 1921 Miss Miriam Burns 

1918 Miss Carolyn Lee 

BRITISH OPEN CHAMPIONS 

ar Winner Where Played Score 

1860 Willie Park, Sr. Prestwick 174 

L861 Tom Morris, Sr. Prestwick 163 

1862 Tom Morris, Sr. Prestwick 163 

1863 Willie Park, Sr. Prestwick 168 

1864 Tom Morris, Sr. Prestwick 167 

1865 A. Strath Prestwick 162 

1866 Willie Park, Sr. Prestwick 169 

1867 Tom Morris, Sr. Prestwick 170 

1868 Tom Morris, Jr. Prestwick 154 

1869 Tom Morris, Jr. Prestwick 157 
1870§ Tom Morris, Jr. Prestwick 149 

1872 Tom Morris, Jr. Prestwick 166 

1873 Tom Kidd St. Andrews 179 

1874 Mungo Park Musselburgh 159 
*375 Willie Park, Sr. Prestwick 166 

1876 R. Martin St. Andrews 176 

1877 Jamie Anderson Musselburgh 160 

1878 Jamie Anderson Prestwick 157 

1879 Jamie Anderson St. Andrews 170 

1880 R. Ferguson Musselburgh 162 
:l§81 R. Ferguson Prestwick 170 
1882 ( R. Ferguson St. Andrews 171 
1883} Willie Fernie Musselburgh 159 

1884 Jack Simpson Prestwick 160 

1885 R. Martin St. Andrews 171 

1886 D. Brown • Musselburgh 157 

1887 Willie Park, Jr. Prestwick 161 

1888 Jack Burns St. Andrews 171 
1889i Willie Park, Jr., Musselburgh 155 
1890 John Ball Prestwick 16* 
1891* H. Kirkaldy St. Andrews 166 
1892 H. H. Hilton Muirfield 305 

—125— 



GOLF CHAMPIONS 



Year 


Winner 


Where Played 


Score 


1 8QQ 


vv . Auciitci lonie 


sr l ebt wick 


Q99 




j, xi. l ayior 


Sandwich 


Q9fi 


±oyo 


o . xi. ±ayior 


St. Andrews 


Q99 


loyo t i 


Harry Vardon 


iviuirneia 


Q1 £ 


Lou I 


TT TT TTilf^vn 
ri. ri. xlllion 


Hoylake 


Q 1 yl 


loyo 


Harry Vardon 


Prestwick 


Q07 
oil < 


loyy 


Harry Vardon 


Sandwich 


olO 


1 ono 


T TT Tmrl 

J. xi. I ay lor 


St. Andrews 


QOQ 


iyui 


James Braid 


lviuiriieid 


QAO 


1 QA9 


Alec Herd 


Hoylake 


QH7 


Xt/UO 


TTot'T'tt \ nrnnn 
xxcLl L y V dlUUIl 


Ptia cf~ a t7i /"» Ir 
1 I tbLWlLK 




1 QO/I 


jacK wniie 


Sandwich 


90 1 


1 00^ 
laVD 


ejiimeb xjiaiQ 


oi. i\nai e vv & 


Q1 v 


iyuo 


James Braid 


iviuiriieici 


oUU 


±yu / 


A. Massey 


Hoylake 


Q1 9 


luvo 


James Braid 


Prestwick 


90 1 

zy i 


1 QOQ 


T TT Tn^lrvy 




90S 


±y lu 


J ames Braid 


St. Andrews 




±y±± 


Harry Vardon 


Sandwich 


QO^ 
olio 


1912 


Ed Ray 


Muirfield 


295 


1913 


J. H. Taylor 


Hoylake 


304 


1914 


Harry Vardon 


Prestwick 


306 


1920 


George Duncan 


Deal 




1921° 


Jock Hutchison 


St. Andrews 


296 


§Belt 


won outright and 


replaced by cup after a 


year's 


interval. 







t After a tie with R. Ferguson, Musselburgh. 



$After a tie with Andrew Kirkaldy. 

^Extended to seventy-two holes after this year, 
ft After a tie with J. H. Taylor. 
** After a tie with A. Massey. 

° After a tie with Roger Wethered. 

Championships 1915-16-17-18 and 19 not played account 
World Wor. 



—126— 



MEMORANDA 



► 



L 



MEMORANDA 



From a Chairman; an Executive Com- 
mitteeman, an Editor and a Champion 

(Excerpts from letters received.) 

PROF. C. V. PIPER, Chairman of the Green Com- 
mittee of the United States Golf Association: 

"I have gone over a copy of your K. C. G, A. Caddie 
|* Book in detail with great interest. It pleases me im- 
mensely. You certainly have produced a most excellent 
book; and I am pleased to learn that you are planning a 
second edition." 

f ALAN D. WILSON, Member of the Executive Com- 

| MITTEE OF THE UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION: 

I ' "Last night I read over your Caddie Book, and I am 
more impressed with it than I can tell you. It not only 
presupposes a large amount of hard and intelligent work, 
but the point of view and the spirit in which it is written 
. seem to me to be most admirable." 

GRANTLAND RICE, Editor of The American 
Golfer : 

"I have received the K. C. G. A. Caddie Book, and I 
have read same with a great deal of interest. I think the 
book is unusually good; and it is hard to make any sug- 
gestions for improvement, as it covers the ground very 
thoroughly." 

CHARLES EVANS, JR., many times champion: 
"I want to thank you for a copy of the K. C. G. A. 
Caddie Book, received. I wish very much you would write 
Norman Naylor, President of the Chicago_ District Golf 
Association, and tell him about this book. 1 am sure that 
Mr. Naylor would like to see that copies are distributed 
A \ to all the boys in this district. It would be a splendid 
* thing for Chicago golf." 



This Book is the Property of 

1 % Name 

Club 

Address 

City 

Caddie No. State 



J 



